Influence Of Slope Aspects On Woodland Ecosystem Of Duhok Dissertation

Impact Of Slope Aspects On Woodland Ecosystem Of Duhok - Dissertation Example Studies have indicated that position of an incline in an environment influence the nature of natural material, soil science, and supplement cycling, to a great extent; it influences the dirt quality than even the sort of bedrock underneath the dirt (Yimer, Sting and Adelkadir 2006, p.95). Research that has been led on impact of geographical highlights on soils in southern Italy plainly exhibit that dirts beginning from a similar parent material, with the equivalent vegetative covering and atmosphere, with the main contrast being the situation of the scene created extraordinary and shifted microclimatic conditions (Chen, Hsieh, Jiang, Hsieh and Sun 1997, p.230). In the northern mild climatic zone, the part of an incline was seen as a tremendous impact of the microclimatic states of the region principally affected by the temperature levels (Coleman, Crossley and Hendrix 2004, p.312). This is on the grounds that the measure of sun oriented that territory encounters will decide the degrees of temperature and water in the dirt, the natural qualities of the dirt will be influenced (Fu, Liu, Ma and Zhu 2004, p.48). In the Pinus laricio backwoods of southern Italy, the north-bound incline gets higher insolation and subsequently, there is low dampness content that is additionally associated with the meager vegetative spread and insolating impacts of little vegetation (Gong, Chen, Fu and Wei 2007, p.1). Contrasts in the dirt microbial exercises offer the distinctive kind of plant species. These plant species rely upon the dirt dampness, root exercises, temperature and natural issue that arrival to the dirt through the litter that tumbles from the plants (Gong, Brueck, Giese, Zhang, Sattelmacher and Lin 2008, p.484). Studies have been completed to decide the impacts of climatic conditions on the dirt and vegetation properties, anyway no examinations have been conveyed to decide the impact of viewpoint in the dirt and vegetation properties(Tewksbury and Lloyd 2001, p.426).

Online Exam System free essay sample

This record uniquely containing insights concerning targets, scope confinement, process model, essential necessities, group advancement, conceivable venture dangers, venture plan, lastly observing and detailing systems. On-line Exam System is helpful for Educational Institute to set up a test, safe the time that will take to check the paper and get ready imprint sheets. It will assist the Institute with testing of understudies and build up their abilities. In any case, the drawbacks for this framework, it takes a ton of times when you set up the test at the first run through for utilization. The framework causes the employee to produce a programmed test as opposed to utilizing papers. Which spare a period for composing, checking and for input marks. Additionally, understudy can see the test when he login as a person to the framework. * Immediate outcomes and arrangements: When the understudy completes his test, the framework checks her answers and contrasted and the right answer. We will compose a custom paper test on Online Exam System or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Also, the framework spares the off base and right answers and figures the sign of right answers. At that point give the all out imprint. Furthermore, send a report for understudy to see where he is shortcoming. * Easy to store and recover data: Or maybe to spare the data on a papers or in independent sheets. There are an information base administration to store and recover the data required by the manager or Faculty part or understudy concurring a report created by the framework. (5) System Architecture: Web Browser Login Role checking Form amp; Menu Manager Data Validation Security Manager OES Appointment Manager Data Import amp; Export Report Generation Transaction Management for OES Database Figure (2. 1): framework engineering for OES (6) System Requirement Specification: (6. 1) Functional System Requirement: This area gives an utilitarian necessity that appropriate to the On-Line Exam framework. There are three sub modules in this stage. * Candidate module. * Examiner module. * Administrator module. The usefulness of every module is as per the following: * Candidate module: The applicant will logon to the product and take his assessment. He can likewise check his past assessments imprints and his subtleties. The competitor will get result following the culmination of the assessment. * Examiner module: The database is readied amp; stacked into the product. Choice for assessment should be possible language insightful by the inspector. The outcomes will be shown following finishing of the assessment. * Administrator module: The executive gathers all the outcomes after fruitful finishing of the assessment and sends to the head quarters as and when required. The highlights that are accessible to the Administrator are: * The chairman has the undeniable rights over the OES. * Can make/erase a record. * Can see the records. * Can change the secret key. * Can conceal any sort of highlights from the both of clients. * Insert/erase/alter the data of accessible on OES. * Can get to all the records of the employees/understudies.

SoundCloud - Strategies for Distributing Your Music

SoundCloud - Strategies for Distributing Your Music © Shutterstock.com | Denys PrykhodovIn this article, we will look at 1) what is Soundcloud?, 2) how to list successfully on Soundcloud, 3) advantages and disadvantages of using Soundcloud, and 4) Soundcloud success stories.WHAT IS SOUNDCLOUD?The CompanyAn online music and audio streaming platform, Soundcloud is based in Berlin, Germany. The website allows users to upload, record, promote and share original music and sound. The website is basically a combination of a streaming service, an audio distribution platform and an online community. As of July 2013, the website had 40 million users registered and as many as 200 million listeners.The website allows musicians to share their original music directly with fans. It also allows fans to track their favorite artists and play music continuously. The website allows users to choose from three subscription levels. A free account allows 120 minutes of audio upload and makes a few stats visible. A Pro or Pro Unlimited account allows for mor e upload hours as well as access to extensive analytics. It also features a quiet mode which enables the user to hide any comments or stats on a music track.HistoryThough created in Stockholm, Sweden, Soundcloud was established in Berlin in August 2007. The people behind the website are sound designer Alex Ljung and artist Eric Wahlforss. The two Swedes initially intended for their platform to allow musicians to share recordings with one another. This eventually transitioned into a complete audio publishing tool, allowing these musicians to distribute their music to the fans. A little while after its inception, the website began to pose a challenge to Myspace which was, at that time, a place where musicians could distribute their songs and interact with their fans.The company received 2.5 million Euros in 2009 from a round of funding. The investment came from Doughty Hanson Technology Ventures. The company reached one million subscribers in 2001 and in 2011 received $10 million from the next round of funding. This investment came from Union Square Ventures and Index Ventures. The website continued to grow and reached 5 million registered users by June 2011. At this point, the company also received funding from an A-Grade fund run by Ashton Kutcher and Guy Oseary.In late 2012, the website was revamped with a new layout, this allowed simultaneous continued playback and site navigation. It also allowed for the comments to be read with disrupting the waveform. The company began talks with major record labels in 2014. The aim was to take preemptive steps to address the issue of product licensing due to copyrighted material that appears on the platform. This was done in an attempt to avoid forced takedown notices, a situation that Google and YouTube found themselves in.The Business ModelThe website aims to narrow the gap between discovery and engagement, which means that a person can discover a new sound or a music track and connect with the artist and a like-minded community right there, without having to move to another website etc. The business model relies primarily on subscriptions at the moment. There are multiple levels that a user can choose from. These range from a free registration with limited usage to a $630 annual fee that has many benefits and features for the professional user. This service has raised $50 million for the company.As the website grows, the management is experimenting with other potential streams of revenue. There is a turn towards possible brand partnerships. There are already content partnerships with companies that include Penguin Audio Books, CBS News Radio, The Huffington Post and some others. Content partnerships focus both on faster content distribution and an extended platform for experimental and unique experiences.As a major update to the business model, the website announced in August of 2014 that there would be advertisements running for listeners in the United States. The ads will roll out to other markets eventually. The aim is to help partner artists turn their music str eams into revenue streams. The change also includes the addition of the Premier level to the subscriptions. This will contain ad based options for monetization as well as other paid features that are already being offered. Ads will appear with licensed content. The Soundcloud USPThe website allows users to upload any sound file, irrespective of the size. Uploads can happen from an already saved file or created on the spot. The website also allows commenting throughout the track which makes it a unique type of social network.HOW TO LIST SUCCESSFULLY ON SOUNDCLOUDTips from UsersOliver Sadie is a Soundcloud user who is a London-based filmscore composer and classically trained pianist. With over 14000 followers, he believes that the community on Soundcloud is not just about sharing sounds but also about sharing common interests, goals and connecting with similar people. Some tips from him and others on how to grow your community on Soundcloud include:Make Good Music If an artist doesnâ €™t finish their work or remains afraid of criticism then there is very little chance of success in building up a Soundcloud community. An artist must force themselves to finish songs and spend time making them sound high quality.Understand What is Already Out There Sadie suggests listening to existing users to get an idea what who is out there and what they are doing. Search tools and groups are a good way to find sounds that appeal to you.Take Action When You Find Something You Like Once you like something, it is a good idea to like it and add it to favorites. Users can also leave a comment and follow the person who has listed the song. Often people will follow up after this and that just adds to the community. A well timed comment can initiate a conversation and a relationship is created.Follow People Who You Are Actually Interested In People often have a tendency to start following anyone they find. This is counter-productive because these people will not follow back. When si milar people are followed a relevant communication is established and people will follow back.Follow People who Are Active and May Follow Back People who are currently online or have been recently are more likely to be active on the website and therefore likely to follow back. An online user may follow back immediately. This is a very productive tip to grow one’s community. A balanced ratio of followers to following is a good way to assess whether a person is likely to follow back.Follow Peoples Followers When someone follows you back, it is a good idea to take a look at their followers and choose to follow those that fit the criteria mentioned here. It is enough to look at their top followers who are online at any point and just focus on those instead of the whole list.Be Online As mentioned, a person who is online is more likely to get followers. So it is a good idea to fo this regularly so that people are able to discover you.Leave Honest Comments It is a good idea to leave comments that are honest, relevant, useful and encouraging. It is a better idea to be more specific than just a “nice.” It is also not a good idea to mention something that reads like spam for example, “Nice. Listen Back.”Respond Whether it is a comment or a message, a response helps connect with listeners. A response to comments is always welcomed by a fan or a follower.Join Similar Groups Joining relevant groups and sharing music is a good way to be heard and discover new sounds. Moderated groups are a good option for this as helps keep the group on track.Start a Group It can also be a good idea to create one’s own group based on a particular theme. Relevant tracks can be traced out to invite to the group. Similar community members can be discovered and a space made available to trade sounds and ideas.Share on Social Media Other social networks are a great place to share favorite artists and songs.Collaborate with Other Artists Soundcloud allows users to share work s in progress through private sharing. Full recording quality is maintained and this is a good way to work with other people.Be Patient Building up a community is not something that can happen within a day or even a month. It is something that needs consistent effort and a lot of work. To make the network more meaningful and productive for the artist, this sustained long term effort is the way to go.Sign Up for a Paid Account Most users on Soundcloud use a free account. This works for people who want to use the service within the limits that the free account imposes. To get maximum music to a wider audience, a paid account becomes necessary. The reason for this is that a 2 hour upload limit is almost nothing for someone like a DJ. The tracks themselves are limited to 100 downloads only. These can become cumbersome after a while and it makes sense to sign up for a paid account.Use Tags Another useful idea is to use the right tags for each song. The right tags make the song more se archable and easier to find for people. Some ideas for tags include tags for genre, similar style record names, similar artist names, mood descriptions of the songs and well known songs by similar artists.Common MistakesIt is important for a successful Soundcloud presence that a good first impression is made. Some mistakes to avoid in this regard include:URL Consistency The URL extensions used on Soundcloud should be consistent with any others being used elsewhere on the web. For example, a Facebook extension facebook.com/BigBand, should be the same for soundcloud. This can be edited under the tab “Basic Profile.”Social Media Links Social media is a very important tool these days and a fan who finds their way to a Soundcloud page will often want to look up further details. For this purpose, it is a good idea to make sure that profiles are linked. Soundcloud helps this process by providing an integrated way to link social media. Thumbnail images are even available for the large r platforms.Complete Bio Though basic, an incomplete bio is a commonly made mistake. A complete bio should be between 50-250 words and should be followed up with contact information.Correct Representation of Work The most prolific work done by an artist should be listed on top and easy to reach.Uploading The Right Stuff All work done by an artist does not necessarily need to be uploaded. Instead, it is a good idea to put up the best work done by the artist to ensure that people who visit the page are left with a positive first impression. Any half-done or works-in-progress should not be displayed either, though there may be differing points of view on this.Labeling To ensure that a track is easy to find, all titles, artist information and keywords or tags should be correctly labeled.Genre The genre should be the first keyword associated with a track. The Soundcloud explore function indexes tracks according to genre and these are defined through the keywords specificed by the us er. Other important keywords include original artist, associated artists and record label.Use your Own Account In order to create an engaged and connected Soundcloud account it is imperative that a person use his or her own account to interact with others.Spam It is important to leave the right comments that are honest and relevant. It is not a good idea to leave spam like comments asking a person to follow back without any other details. An elaborate and constructive comment can act as the beginning of a conversation and direct people to a person’s account, eventually leading to relationships and followers.Being Responsive One commonly overlooked way to build community ties is to reply to any comments and messages received. This leaves a positive impression on people and direct them back to a user’s account. The replies should sound personal and not a generic response that sounds like a bot.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING SOUNDCLOUDAdvantagesOverall, Soundcloud is a us er friendly website. Some of the advantages of using this site are:The website itself is smooth and user friendly and the phone app is also easy to navigate and use.The site offers users the choice of either uploading an existing audio file or recording it on the spot.Users can also share music and other audio file on other social media platforms by embedding them in social networks, blogs or websites.The files uploaded to the site can be of any size with no limits.A timed comment option allows users to leave a note regarding specific parts of an audio track.Submissions can be streamed through Dropbox, saving space on a desktop.Tracks can be easily reposted.Each music file gets its own unique URL address and its own page.There are dedicated groups which allows users to find the ones that are similar to their own interests.The smartphone app also allows upload and recording making the experience a flexible and mobile one.Tracks can be managed and organized easily.DisadvantagesSome di sadvantages of using Soundcloud include:The service does not allow editing or any additional effects. These need to be added elsewhere before upload to the website.Users need to be logged in to make a comment or follow users.Another disadvantamgge is the cost. A full package offers many benefits but it is costly to subscrive to.SOUNDCLOUD SUCCESS STORIESDJ ‘Mr Aker’ and His Soundcloud SuccessMr Aker is a DJ who operates out of his bedroom. He managed to use JustGo Music, a social media management platform that helps musicians grow their fanbase, together with a DJ mix and a simple marketing technique to reach 550 plays on Soundcloud in only 24 hours. Here’s how he did it:Create a Mix MR Aker began by creating a mix of his favorite musical cuts from different genres that he liked. This mix was a 30 minute one that included 26 tracks from as many as 24 different artists.Find the Artists He then got on Soundcloud and found his featured artists, got their Soundcloud and Twitter URLs and put together a document.Upload the Mix Mr Aker now uploaded his mix onto multiple platforms including Soundcloud, Youtube and Mixcloud. When he wrote the description for his mix, he made sure to include the entire tracklist that he had already made and linked this to each artist profile URL and the original song that he had sampled.Tweet to the Artists The DJ then used the JustGo music service to compose spaced out timed tweets aimed at each artist who appeared on his mix. His tweets were timed to go out after a few hours each. Every tweet was different but contained the same basic information which included the artist’s handle on twitter, the original track title, the time stamp of the song in the mix and a link to the mix itself on Soundcloud.The Result Most of the artists that were a part of the mix either favorited or retweeted Mr Aker’s tweet. One of the artists even reposted the mix on Soundcloud which led to a jump in plays for the DJ. He managed to increase h is daily follower growth by 300% and reached 550 plays in 24 hours alone.

The Belief Of Knowledge And Wisdom - 1296 Words

Is it fair to say that opinion is based in the assumption of knowledge? Are philosophers not putting forth their opinions about life and what they think the truth is? Isn’t philosophy based on the opinions of their studying of human nature? Are philosophers stating truths or are they stating opinion? Can we truly know that what we critical thinkers think is true and does it have merit or is it only our reality that allows us to differentiate between opinion and what we call truth, knowledge and wisdom? I would argue philosophers and critical thinkers are still in the allegorical cave. Is it fair to say that opinion is based in the assumption of knowledge? Knowledge is â€Å"The fact or condition of knowing something with familiarity gained through experience or association. [The] acquaintance with, or understanding of science, art, or technique. The fact or condition of being aware of.† Whereas the meaning of opinion is to think, judge and conjecture according to the dictionary, and the Oxford living dictionary states it is to think or believe. Meriam Webster â€Å"a view, judgement†¦belief stronger than impression and less strong than positive knowledge†¦a formal expression of judgment or advice by an expert.† If an opinion can be given by an expert in the field, it is safe to assume for the sake of this essay some of the are also giving their view point out of the their expert knowledge from knowing something that is familiar, gained through association or experience. However IShow MoreRelatedThe Quality Of Self Reliance953 Words   |  4 Pagescontrolled by their own destiny, which was unable to deny. 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Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesIf we created a god, we as humans would now be able to find faith and trust within someone. Over the course of history religions have sprouted across the world, however, they all have similar beliefs. This shows that despite being vastly different, we are all still very much the same. Religion and a belief was sculpted in hopes of giving people faith and giving reason to there unanswerable questions. Over the semester it is easy to see that there is a clear correlation between the two being thatRead MorePlatos and Aristotles Views on Knowledge1407 Words   |  6 PagesPlatos and Aristotles Views on Knowledge Plato and Aristotle view knowledge and the process whereby it is obtained. They both point out that many epistemological concepts which they believe where knowledge comes from and what it is actually. Most of them have been astonished me in certain ways, but I found that rationalism and wisdom consists in knowing the cause which made a material thing to be what it is make the most sense to me regarding the nature of knowledge. As the following, we will discuss

The Ethical Theory Of Torture - 1111 Words

I have decided to write about the topic of torture, and will argue both sides of this ethical dilemma. To begin let’s talk about what defines torture. Torture is defined as one inflicting a great amount of physical pain or a great deal of mental anxiety and suffering on another person or persons. Torture became widely talked about, and a greatly debated ethical issue, when Inmates at a detainment camp at Guantanamo Bay were interrogated in the attempt to gather information to prevent domestic terror attacks or to gather information on al-Qaida forces in the Middle East. The base became famous when it was discovered that inmates at the facility were being tortured in ways that did not comply with the Geneva Convention. This brought forth the ethical issue of torture and sparked debate around the world on whether we should be conducting torture for national purposes or if it poses an ethical dilemma worldwide. I think the idea of torture can be considered justifiable under certain circumstances. The ethical theory of utilitarianism is a philosophical viewpoint which I believe would condone the idea of torture. Utilitarianism is a consequentialist view of ethics that focuses on the outcomes or consequences of certain actions, rather than the motivations or the character of the person taking the action. The core belief behind utilitarianism is the principle of happiness. This means actions should be based on their morality and based on how much utility is created. So howShow MoreRelatedEssay on Code of Ethics and Security Case Study1600 Words   |  7 PagesYears in Torture Case†, we evaluate from four different perspectives the different ethical theories; ethical relativism, ethical egoism, deontological ethics and ontological ethics to determine how the different perspectives support or condemn the conduct in this  case study. 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Ayer’s theory of Emotivism, he gives the modified version of Verification Principle and in my essay I will try to accomplish how using this modified version of verification principle. We can set our standards for the moral knowledge. A.J. Ayer, responded to the argument of moral knowledge with his theory of Emotivism. In his theory, A.J. Ayer states that ethical judgments are merely expressions of emotion. Moral judgements do not holdRead MoreTorture and Ethics1447 Words   |  6 PagesTour Torture and Ethics Paper CJA 530 January 31st, 2011 Eddie Koen Torture and Ethics Paper Torture is something that is known as wrong internationally. Torture is â€Å"deliberate, systematic or wanton infliction of physical or mental suffering by one or more persons acting on the orders of authority, to force a person to yield information, to confess, or any other reason† (World Medical Association, 1975, pg.1). 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Torture has been carried out or sanctioned by individuals, groups, and states throughout history from ancient times to modern day, and forms of torture can vary greatly in duration from only a few minutes to several days or longer. (Torture, 2016). Torture is the act of inflicting excruciating pain, as punishment or revenge, as means of getting a confession or information, or for sheer cruelty. (Torture, 2016). Now that we have an idea behind the meaning of torture, we need toRead MoreIs Utilitarianism Too Demanding?1046 Words   |  5 PagesUtilitarianism is clearly a demanding theory. The theory can sometimes fail to live up to expectations, if the demands of the theory have not been maximised for the sum total of welfare in the universe. When there is singular distress some hardships cannot be alleviated, providing that per forming an alternative action cannot do even more good. John Mackie argued utilitarianism as an â€Å"ethics of fantasy†. 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Marketing Research on Tea Industry in India Free Essays

MARKET RESEARCH ON MAJOR TEA BRANDS IN INDIA Siddhartha Lodha PG-A History of Packed Tea in India The history of tea dates back to 750-500 BC. Researchers have found that the cultivation and consumption of tea has been taking place since more than a thousand years. However, commercial consumption of tea started with the British rule. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Research on Tea Industry in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has now become a part of the Indian culture. Tea laid it’s foundation in India at the turn of the 20th century, when the major emphasis was on the exports of Tea. Earliest reference to a domestic market came from MacKay of Brooke Bond. Equipped with capital and premises, Mackay settled down to serious business. Mackay clearly identified his objectives as to pick up teas suitable for Brooke Bond blends at home, rather than getting them at London and to create and make profitable, a packet and blended tea trade in India and generally in the East. In the early 20th Century, much of India was orthodox and all foreign habits were considered alien and against Indian ethos and culture. In fact, later, when tea was officially promoted by the Tea Market Expansion Board, strong religious pressure groups launched antitea campaigns against tea drinking. The domestic market was very small and hardly able to sustain. Packing material, mainly caddies and cardboard cartons, were imported the UK and the tea was floor-blended and hand-packed. Sales totalled around 17,000 lbs. and the whole operation produced a loss without inclusion of overheads and other costs. It therefore needed a great commitment to persevere this kind of a venture. Backed by the promotion and propaganda efforts of the Tea Market Expansion Board that became the Indian Tea Board through the pioneering efforts of Brooke Bond (more about this later), a strong demand was created for tea as a beverage and the Indian masses avidly took to tea. However, much of the fallout of this phenomenon went to loose teas because of the price factor, so we see a strange development in the packet teas trade in India. In the early years, i. e. the first three decades of the century, the trade was predominantly in the hands of foreign companies and the incipient demand was centered on a small segment, introduced to tea through the Western industrial civilization. The early brand names were based on colors — Red label, Violet label, Green label. The first sale record in India was in April 1903 and the entry reads: Red Label †¦ 720 lbs. Violet Label †¦ 300 lbs. Green Label †¦180 lbs. The fact that Brooke Bond Red Label recorded 720 lbs. as a very auspicious augury for this famous brand, which attained dizzy heights in later years to become the largest selling brand in the world. The early entrepreneurs of packet tea marketing realised that if the trade had to expand, the purchase price of the tea had to be more affordable for their Indian consumer and the tea had to be better presented. In India however, the main consideration was price, one that the lower economic section of th e Indians could afford. When the brands were first launched in the first decade of the century, the cost of the tea in the packet was roughly 60% of the total price. Despite this, prices were considered high. But the demand had been created and was snowballing — opening the floodgates to loose teas, which were at least 20% cheaper than the corresponding tea in packets. Opinions on the worth and prospects of the internal business seemed gloomy. One opinion was that â€Å"Indians can never become tea-minded†. This was based on the English custom of brewing tea in pots, using a long leaf — a leisurely and luxurious habit. It is interesting to note that very early in the century, the marketers of packet tea recognised that if tea had to be made popular among Indians, it had to be presented differently, keeping in mind the Indian cooking habit of boiling. So dust tea was born. ‘Kora’ was the first brand to be introduced by Brooke Bond in paper form packets. The real expansion of the packet business in India came in the early l920s, with the introduction of the direct selling system by Brooke Bond. As was said earlier, the distribution was left in the hands of distributors and stockists who could do a maintenance job but could not do anything to create demand. The depot system or direct selling system helped in introducing tea to the vast population of India but it meant a heavy investment in marketing in the earlier years. It helped in establishing a two-way communication between the salesman and retailer and cemented a personal relationship between them. For a product like tea, where freshness was an important factor, it helped in ensuring stock rotation. Under this system, the companies like Brooke Bond and Lipton, who followed suit through their own personnel, called on all retail outlets on a regular basis and supplied tea on a cash-on-delivery basis. There was no need for the retailer to carry any large inventory, as the calls were on a weekly basis. The system backed by the effective propaganda by the Tea Board really sparked off a consumption explosion, taking India to the position of the largest tea-drinking nation in the world. Today tea has become established as a food habit in all socio-economic sections. In India, tea is an essential item of domestic consumption and is the mostly consumed beverage. Further, tea is the cheapest beverage amongst all the beverages that are available in India and it is very popular amongst all sections of India society. The Indian tea industry engages around 20 lakh of workers, directly and they mainly represents the under privileged sections of the India society. The Tea Business in India registered a total turnover of Rs. 10,000 crore in the previous year. Top Tea Brands in India Brooke Bond has touched millions of consumers with a range of tea offerings appealing to the diversity of their tastes. It has the strongest foothold amongst any of the tea brands in India and touches the homes of over 500 million consumers. The values and personality of the master brand Brooke Bond reflect a warm, sociable, approachable, perceptive and dependable entity. Brooke Bond is the tea expert that selects the best at every stage – from the garden to the cup. The brand, therefore, is seen to offer the appropriate teas for all tea moments in the consumers’ lives. Brooke Bond offers a strong portfolio of four sub-brands namely, Brooke Bond Taj Mahal, Brooke Bond Red Label, Brooke Bond Taaza Brooke Bond 3 Roses. The range offers a full variety of benefits as well as price points to cater to diverse sections of society. For over 4 decades, Taj Mahal has been the gold standard of tea in India. It has been a pioneer of innovations in the Indian tea market First Premium Tea Brand First to introduce tea bags First to usher in new formats and concept, like instant tea – Dessert Tea Brand ambassadors personify the true essence of Taj Mahal (Ustaad Zakir Hussain, Saif Ali Khan) Red Label contains natural flavonoids that helps improve blood circulation and keeps you healthy. Red Label Natural Care has a mix of 5 Ayurvedic ingredients like Tulsi, Ashwagandha, Mulethi, Ginger and Cardamom. Red Label Dust has strength, taste and comes with the Red Label promise of great quality. Red Label Special has extra-long leaves to give you great taste, colour and superior aroma. Entered the lives of the contemporary Indian housewife in the 1990s. Unique and refreshing blend of tea that’s sprinkled with fresh green tea leaves. It’s her daily cup of joy that helps her to refresh and connect with her inner self and aspirations. The advertising communication for Taaza is a reflection of this relationship. Chronicle of the aspirations of a housewife over the past two decades. 4th largest tea brand in India with a portfolio spanning in both leaf and dust segments. 3 Roses which was synonymous to the trinity of perfect colour, perfect strength and perfect taste 3 Roses stood as the bedrock for strengthening a married couple’s relationship with each other 3 Roses has redefined the nature of relationship shared between married couples in India Brooke Bond Sehatmand (Arogya) was launched in early 2010. Brooke Bond Sehatmand with Vitamin Power, helps to keep families healthier through their favourite daily beverage 3 cups of Brooke Bond Sehatmand helps to satisfy 50% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of Vitamins B2, B6, B9 and B12 Brooke Bond Sehatmand successfully runs the ‘Sehatmand Parivaar, Sehatmand Bharat’ movement – an initiative to reach and make a difference to 500 million families across villages in India through education on health and nutrition. nd most trusted beverage brand in India Market leader measured by volume and value branded packet tea Has transformed the way beverages are marketed by positioning tea as a catalyst for social change Promotes social awakening and action through its landmark ‘Jaago Re’ marketing campaigns References: 1. History of Packet Tea : http://www. contemporarybrokers. com/item. aspx? id=100 2. Brooke Bond Brands : http://www. brookebondheal th. com/our-brands. asp 3. How to cite Marketing Research on Tea Industry in India, Essays

Marketing Research on Tea Industry in India Free Essays

MARKET RESEARCH ON MAJOR TEA BRANDS IN INDIA Siddhartha Lodha PG-A History of Packed Tea in India The history of tea dates back to 750-500 BC. Researchers have found that the cultivation and consumption of tea has been taking place since more than a thousand years. However, commercial consumption of tea started with the British rule. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Research on Tea Industry in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has now become a part of the Indian culture. Tea laid it’s foundation in India at the turn of the 20th century, when the major emphasis was on the exports of Tea. Earliest reference to a domestic market came from MacKay of Brooke Bond. Equipped with capital and premises, Mackay settled down to serious business. Mackay clearly identified his objectives as to pick up teas suitable for Brooke Bond blends at home, rather than getting them at London and to create and make profitable, a packet and blended tea trade in India and generally in the East. In the early 20th Century, much of India was orthodox and all foreign habits were considered alien and against Indian ethos and culture. In fact, later, when tea was officially promoted by the Tea Market Expansion Board, strong religious pressure groups launched antitea campaigns against tea drinking. The domestic market was very small and hardly able to sustain. Packing material, mainly caddies and cardboard cartons, were imported the UK and the tea was floor-blended and hand-packed. Sales totalled around 17,000 lbs. and the whole operation produced a loss without inclusion of overheads and other costs. It therefore needed a great commitment to persevere this kind of a venture. Backed by the promotion and propaganda efforts of the Tea Market Expansion Board that became the Indian Tea Board through the pioneering efforts of Brooke Bond (more about this later), a strong demand was created for tea as a beverage and the Indian masses avidly took to tea. However, much of the fallout of this phenomenon went to loose teas because of the price factor, so we see a strange development in the packet teas trade in India. In the early years, i. e. the first three decades of the century, the trade was predominantly in the hands of foreign companies and the incipient demand was centered on a small segment, introduced to tea through the Western industrial civilization. The early brand names were based on colors — Red label, Violet label, Green label. The first sale record in India was in April 1903 and the entry reads: Red Label †¦ 720 lbs. Violet Label †¦ 300 lbs. Green Label †¦180 lbs. The fact that Brooke Bond Red Label recorded 720 lbs. as a very auspicious augury for this famous brand, which attained dizzy heights in later years to become the largest selling brand in the world. The early entrepreneurs of packet tea marketing realised that if the trade had to expand, the purchase price of the tea had to be more affordable for their Indian consumer and the tea had to be better presented. In India however, the main consideration was price, one that the lower economic section of th e Indians could afford. When the brands were first launched in the first decade of the century, the cost of the tea in the packet was roughly 60% of the total price. Despite this, prices were considered high. But the demand had been created and was snowballing — opening the floodgates to loose teas, which were at least 20% cheaper than the corresponding tea in packets. Opinions on the worth and prospects of the internal business seemed gloomy. One opinion was that â€Å"Indians can never become tea-minded†. This was based on the English custom of brewing tea in pots, using a long leaf — a leisurely and luxurious habit. It is interesting to note that very early in the century, the marketers of packet tea recognised that if tea had to be made popular among Indians, it had to be presented differently, keeping in mind the Indian cooking habit of boiling. So dust tea was born. ‘Kora’ was the first brand to be introduced by Brooke Bond in paper form packets. The real expansion of the packet business in India came in the early l920s, with the introduction of the direct selling system by Brooke Bond. As was said earlier, the distribution was left in the hands of distributors and stockists who could do a maintenance job but could not do anything to create demand. The depot system or direct selling system helped in introducing tea to the vast population of India but it meant a heavy investment in marketing in the earlier years. It helped in establishing a two-way communication between the salesman and retailer and cemented a personal relationship between them. For a product like tea, where freshness was an important factor, it helped in ensuring stock rotation. Under this system, the companies like Brooke Bond and Lipton, who followed suit through their own personnel, called on all retail outlets on a regular basis and supplied tea on a cash-on-delivery basis. There was no need for the retailer to carry any large inventory, as the calls were on a weekly basis. The system backed by the effective propaganda by the Tea Board really sparked off a consumption explosion, taking India to the position of the largest tea-drinking nation in the world. Today tea has become established as a food habit in all socio-economic sections. In India, tea is an essential item of domestic consumption and is the mostly consumed beverage. Further, tea is the cheapest beverage amongst all the beverages that are available in India and it is very popular amongst all sections of India society. The Indian tea industry engages around 20 lakh of workers, directly and they mainly represents the under privileged sections of the India society. The Tea Business in India registered a total turnover of Rs. 10,000 crore in the previous year. Top Tea Brands in India Brooke Bond has touched millions of consumers with a range of tea offerings appealing to the diversity of their tastes. It has the strongest foothold amongst any of the tea brands in India and touches the homes of over 500 million consumers. The values and personality of the master brand Brooke Bond reflect a warm, sociable, approachable, perceptive and dependable entity. Brooke Bond is the tea expert that selects the best at every stage – from the garden to the cup. The brand, therefore, is seen to offer the appropriate teas for all tea moments in the consumers’ lives. Brooke Bond offers a strong portfolio of four sub-brands namely, Brooke Bond Taj Mahal, Brooke Bond Red Label, Brooke Bond Taaza Brooke Bond 3 Roses. The range offers a full variety of benefits as well as price points to cater to diverse sections of society. For over 4 decades, Taj Mahal has been the gold standard of tea in India. It has been a pioneer of innovations in the Indian tea market First Premium Tea Brand First to introduce tea bags First to usher in new formats and concept, like instant tea – Dessert Tea Brand ambassadors personify the true essence of Taj Mahal (Ustaad Zakir Hussain, Saif Ali Khan) Red Label contains natural flavonoids that helps improve blood circulation and keeps you healthy. Red Label Natural Care has a mix of 5 Ayurvedic ingredients like Tulsi, Ashwagandha, Mulethi, Ginger and Cardamom. Red Label Dust has strength, taste and comes with the Red Label promise of great quality. Red Label Special has extra-long leaves to give you great taste, colour and superior aroma. Entered the lives of the contemporary Indian housewife in the 1990s. Unique and refreshing blend of tea that’s sprinkled with fresh green tea leaves. It’s her daily cup of joy that helps her to refresh and connect with her inner self and aspirations. The advertising communication for Taaza is a reflection of this relationship. Chronicle of the aspirations of a housewife over the past two decades. 4th largest tea brand in India with a portfolio spanning in both leaf and dust segments. 3 Roses which was synonymous to the trinity of perfect colour, perfect strength and perfect taste 3 Roses stood as the bedrock for strengthening a married couple’s relationship with each other 3 Roses has redefined the nature of relationship shared between married couples in India Brooke Bond Sehatmand (Arogya) was launched in early 2010. Brooke Bond Sehatmand with Vitamin Power, helps to keep families healthier through their favourite daily beverage 3 cups of Brooke Bond Sehatmand helps to satisfy 50% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of Vitamins B2, B6, B9 and B12 Brooke Bond Sehatmand successfully runs the ‘Sehatmand Parivaar, Sehatmand Bharat’ movement – an initiative to reach and make a difference to 500 million families across villages in India through education on health and nutrition. nd most trusted beverage brand in India Market leader measured by volume and value branded packet tea Has transformed the way beverages are marketed by positioning tea as a catalyst for social change Promotes social awakening and action through its landmark ‘Jaago Re’ marketing campaigns References: 1. History of Packet Tea : http://www. contemporarybrokers. com/item. aspx? id=100 2. Brooke Bond Brands : http://www. brookebondheal th. com/our-brands. asp 3. How to cite Marketing Research on Tea Industry in India, Essays

Phamacy Technician Essays - Health Care, Technicians, Health

Phamacy Technician Preparing for a career as a Pharmacy Technician involves extensive training, good communication skills, and a willingness to work with the public. A pharmacy technician, also called pharmacy technologist, pharmacy medication technicians, or pharmacy assistants, provide technical assistance for registered pharmacists and work under their direct supervision. They usually work in a chain or independent drug stores, hospitals, community ambulatory care centers, home health care agencies, nursing homes, and in the pharmaceutical industry. They perform a wide range of technical support functions and tasks relating to the pharmacy profession. They maintain patient records, count, package, and label medication doses; prepare and distribute sterile products; and fill and dispense routine orders for stock supplies such as over-the-counter products. Pharmacy technicians work under the direct supervision of licensed pharmacist, their work is subject to quality-control checks to ensure accuracy. High school students interested in the pharmacy tech career should take courses in mathematics, science (especially chemistry and biology), and English. Also, in addition courses in speech, typing, computer science, and health will also be useful. Any extracurricular activities such as: drama, science clubs, or other activities, will help in developing communications and interpersonal skills. Most pharmacy technicians receive their education through formal training programs offered through community colleges, vocational/technical schools, hospital community pharmacies, and government programs. The length of the program usually ranges from 6 months to two years, leading to a certificate, diploma, or an associates degree in pharmacy technology. A high school diploma is usually required for entry into these programs. On a personal level, pharmacy technicians must be precision-minded, honest, and mature as they are very much depended on. They must have good hand and eye coordination and manual dexterity to use delicate equipment and to make correct measurements. They also need to have good communication skills to successfully interact with pharmacists, supervisors and other technicians. Pharmacy technicians are often hired by the hospital or agency where they interned. If employment is not found this way, many use employment agencies or newspaper ads to help locate job openings. Technicians often wear scrubs or other uniforms in hospitals, especially in the IV room. Other technicians may only be required to wear casual clothing. Pharmacy technicians generally work in health care institutions that are clean and well-lighted. They work under quiet to moderately noisy conditions. They work closely with pharmacists and other pharmacy technicians and frequently interact with other individuals. Pharmacy technicians may specialize in one area of responsibility, such as drug dispensing and distribution, or they may handle a combination of responsibilities. Since they may be required to fill in for other pharmacy technicians, they generally must be trained in all aspects of pharmacy technology. Because most hospitals, nursing homes, and health care centers are open between sixteen and twenty-four hours a day, multiple shifts, weekend, and holiday hours will be required. Most technicians earn between $14,500 to $21,000 per year. Large hospitals pay more than retail pharmacies, averaging between $16,000 and $23,000. The average starting pay rate for pharmacy technicians is between $6.50 and $15.00 per hour, depending on the location, type of facility, and level of training. Graduates of accredited training programs along with those who are certified, usually receive higher pay than technicians without such training. Salaries are higher for those who live in the East and West coasts, and in large urban areas. There is also no travel involved with career. States with high numbers of retirees, such as Arizona, Florida, California, and New Mexico, will offer more job opportunities because of the increased need for medical services. Advancement opportunities for pharmacy technicians depend on where they are employed, experienced technicians may direct or instruct newer pharmacy technicians, make schedules, or move up to purchasing or computer work. Some hospitals have a variety of tech designations, based on experience and responsibility, with an increase in pay. Experienced technicians will be needed as staff. Some pharmacy techs may choose to return to school to pursue a degree in pharmacy. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that employment of pharmacy technicians will increase much faster than the average for all occupations. The 54,000 pharmacy technician employed in 1992 are expected to increase to 76,000 by 2005, an increase of nearly 42 percent.

Internet abuse in the work place

Internet abuse in the work place Abstract Internet is a common and valuable resource for business organizations. This is a study of internet abuse in the work place. The paper reviews related literature on internet abuse.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Internet abuse in the work place specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The study uses questionnaires to investigate the prominent forms of internet abuse and determine if they are serious or minor internet abuse activities. The study relates the internet abuse behavior with regard to gender, education and status. The hypothesis of the study is that employees will engage in minor internet abuse irrespective of their gender, age, education and status. The findings reveal that employees engage in minor internet abuse activities. Gender, education and status reflect on the type of internet abuse employees engage in. Employees’ productivity and employer’s liability are affected. Employee s will avoid internet abuse that is directly incriminating. Internet abuse can be minimized by introduction of policies in the company. The policies will vary from organization to organization depending on the mission. Introduction Background Internet technology has been incorporated in many organizations across the globe. Internet has increased efficiency, enhanced communication and made a lot of information accessible. The traditional working behavior has been affected. Employees have found themselves with new opportunities and some have misused the privileges. Besides transforming the efficiency and productivity of work, negative results can be realized if employees engage in unacceptable internet activities. The term internet abuse has been used to refer to non- work internet activities in the workplace. According to Ozkalp (2010, p. 2) employees’ productivity as well as employers liability are affected by internet abuse. There is need to investigate the internet activiti es employees are engaged in. This will be an effective way of finding adequate policies to prevent the unacceptable behavior. This paper will analyze internet abuse in the work place. It will study internet abuse in relation to gender, education, age and status. Problem statement The aim of this study is to identify most prominent forms of internet abuse and determine if they are serious or minor internet abuse.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Purpose of the study The purpose of the study is to establish the extent of internet abuse during working hours. The study will investigate the relationship between internet abuse in the workplace and gender. Another reason is to investigate whether there is a relationship between the education level and internet abuse in the workplace. Hypothesis The hypothesis for this study is that employees will engage in minor i nternet abuse irrespective of their gender, age, education and status. Review of literature Organizations have adopted internet, which is an important resource. The availability of internet in the work place enables the employees to access a wide variety of libraries, participate in the social media as well as have access to pornographic sites. Access to internet minimizes the employer’s obligation and reduces productivity in the work place. In an attempt to minimize employer’s liability, employers have observed employees internet use. Employees at different levels of the organization and with diverse education background can be involved in internet abuse, as Lehr and Lichtenberg (2000, p. 335) point out. Defining internet abuse can be challenging. Every organization defines internet abuse according to acceptable behavior in the company. Definitions of internet abuse will vary. What is abuse in one company may not be in another company. The definition of internet abuse in an organization is in line with the mission of the organization. Internet has become part of the organizational communication. The use of internet has increased efficiency and led to increased revenues. Internet has reduced the number of employees to be employed, enabled employees to access information fast and to perform effectively within a limited time. Some researchers argue that internet is an important source of diversion for employees at work. It can lead to creativity, flexibility and facilitate a good learning environment. Some employees who use the internet for personal academic purposes may end up being resourceful to the organization. However, some employees have abused the privilege of internet in the workplace.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Internet abuse in the work place specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Employees who abuse internet range from senior employees to junior employees. Most of the employees have a private office or are in a cubicle. Thomas (2012, p. 2) says that employees in a private office will be tempted to watch pornography than employees in an open workplace. In the working cubicles, employees will use the internet for personal social media, online banking, non- work emails and general browsing for news. A lot of time will be spent chatting with friends in Facebook or twitter. Others will use the internet for online shopping, to pay bills and make travel arrangements at the workplace. Others visit chat rooms, sports pages and game sites during office hours using the organizations internet. It is common for some employees to download movies, films and songs. Employees who utilize internet for personal benefits are less productive than employees who do not abuse internet at the workplace. Internet abuse has been associated with a hostile working environment, discrimination and sexual harassment. Bondigas (2012, p. 1) adds that employees may pose a r isk to the organizations network. The safety of an organization may be compromised by downloading spyware or virus when downloading personal files. Downloading large files may cause other employees to slow down in their transactions. Furthermore, confidential and restricted data may end up being shared with the public. According to Griffiths (2010, p. 463), there are various types of crime that occur from internet abuse in the work place. The crimes range from sexual abuse, relationship abuse, online information abuse and criminal internet activities. The challenges can be overcome if research on internet abuse is given attention. Organizations block sites with pornography and hate content. Depending on the mission of the organizations, more sites can be blocked. The organization will block sites that are considered inappropriate. Internet reports are analyzed and actions are taken depending on the report. Some organizations restrict internet to organizations websites. Policies intr oduced will include the email policy and internet use policy. Mirchandani and Motwani (2003, p. 1) discuss four measures that have been used by companies to overcome internet abuse issue in the workplace. The measures include deterrence, prevention, detection and remedies.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Deterrence largely depends on the employee’s willingness to avoid internet abuse. Prevention includes passwords and locking computer rooms. Detection involves the use of internet reports, scanning for virus reports, system audits and identification of documents after a security breech. Remedies contain internal actions and legal actions. Internal actions will give a warning letter, reprimanding the employee or even terminating the employee’s contract. Legal actions will result in civil or criminal cases. An organization begins by introducing deterrence and moves on prevention, detection and remedies respectively, depending on the need to introduce internet control. According to Chen et al (2008, p. 87), personality factors contribute to employees internet usage. Employee’s self-esteem affects their internet behavior in the workplace. Other personality factors include control, gratification and containment. If an employee has been previously addicted to the inter net, they are likely to abuse internet privileges in the office. Employers should get acquainted with information on internet abuse in order to overcome internet abuse challenges. They can learn the employee’s personality and implement appropriate policies. Internet monitoring has challenges. Organizations use software which is constantly advancing. The employer obtains the advanced software from the vendors. The software or hardware for blocking specific sites may end up blocking unintended sites. What is more is that it can be challenging to block all intended sites. Moreover, the organization will constantly need the assistance of the vendor; since the information system department is not always perfect. Edward (1999, p. 290) mentions that monitoring the internet may not be welcome by the employees. Some may argue that it is unfair. Employee’s behavior can be extremely challenging to monitor. It is important that the internet reports be accurate. An employee can use another person’s computer when they step out without logging out. To avoid misidentification, employees must sign out when leaving their computers. Employees should evade sharing their password with other employees. This will prevent cases of other employees using the other person’s computer. Identification problems may arise from the monitoring software. Inaccurate set up may cause wrong internet reports. The organization should be able to contact the software vendor to rule out any technical problems. The internet report may be generated by faulty software; hence it is necessary to visit the computer history for more information. A credible employer will not accuse the employees before establishing the internet abuse and getting the support from the computer and internet history. The information system department is actively involved in the monitoring and implementation of internet abuse policies within the workplace. Galletta and Polak (2003, p. 47) argue that empl oyees behavior on the internet vary from organization to organization. The level of indulgence in internet abuse depends on a person’s exposure to internet use. In line with Ozkalp (2010, p. 3), employees abuse internet because they have access and an opportunity to do so. Employees get cheaper online services during working hours hence they choose the affordable time. In some cases, employees use internet when they cannot be caught since they are anonymous. Moreover, the internet is convenient and employees find it easy to purchase at the comfort of their office. Employers may use the office internet if they spend a longer time in the office. Methodology Using literature review, this paper will discuss internet abuse in the workplace. Related and significant information on the forms and impacts of internet abuse have been discussed. This research used the literature to develop a questionnaire and distributed the questionnaires to employees at random in two organizations. The questionnaire survey results will be used to test the proposed hypothesis. The first organization was the State University in the Faculty of Arts. The faculty is congested and has the largest admonition. The second organization was a private organization in tourism industry. 212 respondents from the two organizations gave a feedback. 90 people were from the private organization and 122 were from the Public University. The 122 respondent represented a 70 percent return rate. 90 respondents were women and 122 respondents were men. Respondents below 30 years were 60 percent while the rest were above 30 years. 55 percent of the respondents were graduates. The questionnaire addressed work and non- work emails, browsing for academic purpose, using internet for general work, visiting new websites, applying for new jobs, online games, online gambling, updating status on face book, chatting, online shopping, travel bookings, online banking, downloading music and downloading movies. One of t he limitations of this paper is that it will not focus on the extreme form of internet abuse, which has been referred to as internet abuse addiction. Moreover, it will limit the conclusion to the findings based on this study. Findings In this study, majority of employees engaged in search for academic research was highest. Results indicated that non- work emails, new website visits, use of internet for general purposes, online banking were highest. This indicates that majority of the respondents were engaged in minor internet abuse during working hours. Visiting social media sites was also high. Very few employees used internet to search for new jobs and in gambling. In the case of gender, the findings revealed that women were more involved in sending non work emails, online shopping, chatting and surfing for general sites than men. The results also showed that there was no significant difference in the case of age. Education level showed a significant difference in the use of inter net. Those with a postgraduate degree demonstrated an increased use of internet for academic purposes and non-work emails than undergraduates. Graduate respondents also used the internet for internet banking and online shopping than respondents with high school education and below. Undergraduates had a higher level of internet use for banking than high school graduates. The number of post graduate respondents using internet for travel booking was higher than the undergraduates, while the number of undergraduates using internet for booking was higher than those with high school education. Those with high school education visited adult sites more than the undergraduates while the undergraduates visited the adult sites more than the postgraduates. Those working in the private sector used non- work emails less often than the public University. Status was reflected with high use of internet for online banking, online shopping, non-work email and general internet browsing were common for the high ranking employees. Junior employees were higher in chatting activities than senior employees. Minor internet abuse activities such as non-work emails, online banking, on line shopping were higher than serious internet abuse like gambling and visiting adult sites in the workplace. The findings correspond with the literature review that the employees use the internet in the workplace. Employees are careful to use less implicating internet sites at work, hence they would engage in internet abuse that is less incriminating. Those who engage in the criminal activities using the internet at the workplace believe they cannot be identified by the senior management. The monitoring software would be most effective for identifying such employees. An organization can define the internet abuse in the organization and design policies that will adequately curb the issue. Summary It is evident that the use of internet is indispensable in global business. The internet has increasingly enhan ced communication and aided in creating efficiency. Employee’s productivity has been affected by internet abuse in the workplace. Proper methods of controlling internet abuse will reduce internet abuse and employer liability in the workplace (Gupta 2004, p. 11). The internet has been abused by employees in the workplace. Majority of the internet abuse activities are minor. They include checking non- work emails, online shopping, online banking, chatting and surfing for general purpose. Employees avoid serious internet abuse activities such as accessing adult content, gambling and downloading movies or songs. Implementing an internet policy in the organization is a task that involves the top most leaders, directors, manager together with supervisors. The leaders should demonstrate willingness to adopt the policy. The implementation process could involve an internet workshop. The internet workshop will provide information on internet abuse and encourage employees to share their experiences openly. Outlining the unacceptable sites and giving an explanation will make foster the mission of the organization. The organization should create awareness on the sites that are inappropriate. Moreover, an example of an internet report can be given. During the workshop, the employees can be shown an example of an internet report. Information on when the internet report is used should be availed. Employees will be aware of their expectation after the workshop. When purchasing software for blocking selected sites, the organization should carefully select a vendor who can offer after sale service. Research on the consequences of internet abuse is scarce. Limited empirical literature exists on internet abuse. In future, research on implications of internet abuse in the workplace on the employees should be undertaken. Reference List Bondigas, A. (2012). Internet Abuse in the workplace. Web. Chen, J. V., Chen, C. C., and Yang, H. H. (2008). An empirical evaluation of Key fa ctors contributing to internet abuse in the workplace. Industrial Management Data Systems, 108, 1, 87-106. Edward, N.W. (1999). The Productivity Paradox: Evidence from Indirect Indicators of Service Sector Productivity Growth. Canadian Journal of Economics, 32, 2, 289-308. Galletta, D. F and Polak, P. (2003). An empirical investigation of Antecedents of internet abuse  in the workplace. 47-51. Retrieved from https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/empirical-investigation-antecedents-internet-abuse-workplace/ Gupta, J. N. D. (2004). Improving workers’ productivity and reducing internet abuse. Web. Griffiths, M. (2010). Internet abuse and internet addiction in the workplace. Journal of  Workplace Learning, 22, 7, 463 – 472. Lehr, B and Lichtenberg, F. (2000). Information Technology and Its Impact on Productivity: Firm-level Evidence from Government and Private Data Sources 1977-1993. Canadian Journal of Economics, 32, 2, 335-362 Mirchandani , D and Motwani, J. (2003). Re ducing internet abuse in the workplace: SAM  Advanced Management Journal, 68. Retrieved from https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-98831088/reducing-internet-abuse-in-the-workplace Ozkalp, E., Aydin, U and Tekeli, S. (2010). A modern Workplace Phenomenon: Cyber loafing,  Implications and its place in the Labour Relations. Web. Thomas, S. (2012). Internet Abuse in the workplace. Web.

Daspletosaurus - Facts and Figures

Daspletosaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Daspletosaurus (Greek for frightful lizard); pronounced dah-SPLEE-toe-SORE-us Habitat: Swamps of North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (75-70 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 30 feet long and three tons Diet: Herbivorous dinosaurs Distinguishing Characteristics: Massive head with numerous teeth; stunted arms About Daspletosaurus Daspletosaurus is one of those dinosaur names that sounds better in English translation than in the original Greekfrightening lizard is both scarier and more pronounceable! Other than its position near the top of the late Cretaceous food chain, theres not much to say about this tyrannosaur: like its close relative, Tyrannosaurus Rex, Daspletosaurus combined a massive head, a muscular body, and many, many sharp, pointy teeth with a ravenous appetite and puny, comical-looking arms. Its likely that this genus included a number of similar-looking species, not all of which have been discovered and/or described. Daspletosaurus has a complicated taxonomic history. When the type fossil of this dinosaur was discovered in Canadas Alberta Province in 1921, it was assigned as a species of another tyrannosaur genus, Gorgosaurus. There it languished for almost 50 years, until another paleontologist took a closer look and promoted Daspletosaurus to genus status. A few decades later, a second putative Daspletosaurus specimen wound up being assigned to yet a third tyrannosaur genus, Albertosaurus. And while all this was going on, the maverick fossil-hunter Jack Horner suggested that a third Daspletosaurus fossil was actually a transitional form between Daspletosaurus and T. Rex! Dale Russell, the paleontologist who assigned Daspletosaurus to its own genus, had an interesting theory: he proposed that this dinosaur coexisted with Gorgosaurus in the plains and woodlands of late Cretaceous North America, Gorgosaurus preying on duck-billed dinosaurs and Daspletosaurus preying on ceratopsians, or horned, frilled dinosaurs. Unfortunately, it now seems that the territory of these two tyrannosaurs did not overlap to the extent Russell believed, Gorgosaurus being largely restricted to northern regions and Daspletosaurus inhabiting southern regions.

China Specialty Coffee Industry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

China Specialty Coffee Industry - Assignment Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the existence and mere survival of an industry lie in its ability to effectively respond to the internal and external influences. It is irrefutable that business organizations' strategies mirror their unique responses to the external challenges and opportunities in the environment which, in turn, is facilitated by their internal resources and competencies. This paper will concentrate on the responses of the China specialty coffee industry to the various internal and external influences that it currently faces. Recognizing that this sector can be properly examined through the use of different strategic management tools, this report will be utilizing famous technique PEST Analysis for the external environment scanning. Meanwhile, the internal environment will be assessed through the identification of its various stakeholders through the Porter's Five Forces Model. The next section will focus on the Chinese specialty coffee market responses in the face of social and cultural diversity. This report will thoroughly examine the impact of the social and cultural trends in the industry's strategies while assessing the efficacy if their responses. Lastly, recommendations for improvement will be identified. Gaining the traditional recognition of being a tea country, marketers are aggressively and strategically transforming China into a coffee drinking nation. From its strong preference of" jasmine, oolong, green, black, and myriads of other fragrant teas the Chinese mainland is becoming more and more attuned to the rich flavor of the coffee bean, driven by the urban savvy rich and an increasingly wealthy middle class more receptive to Western taste". The current perception of coffee as a statement of fashion leads to the creation of the China coffee industry. Coffee consumption has always been associated with a cosmopolitan lifestyle which originated from the Western nations. Thus, the Chinese coffee market is largely concen trated in large cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou and is dominated by adventurous, young, open-minded, affluent, urban consumers.

Electric and Magnetic Fields Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Electric and Magnetic Fields - Assignment Example The paper tells that the force of magnetism acts in a region around a moving electric charge or a magnet; this region is defined as a magnetic field. It is shown in Fig. 1. The magnetic field can be conceptualized in terms of magnetic field lines. The density of field lines determines the field strength, Magnetic flux is defined as the total number of lines of the magnetic field that pass through an area. Magnetic flux is measured in terms of Tesla meter squared (T †¢ m2) another name for which is Weber (Wb). A magnetic field’s intensity can be expressed in terms of the magnetic field strength. A distinction can be technically made between magnetic flux density B and magnetic field strength H. Magnetic flux density is also called teslas (T) and is measured in Newton-meters per ampere (Nm/A) whereas magnetic field strength is measured in terms of amperes per meter (A/m). The density of magnetic flux reduces as the distance is increased from a straight line that connects ma gnetic poles’ pair around which there is a stable magnetic field. There is direct proportionality between the magnetic flux density and the current in amperes at a location in a current carrying wire’s vicinity. A piece of iron or some other ferromagnetic object when brought inside a magnetic field experiences a force known as the magnetic force which is directly proportional to the magnetic field strength’s gradient with respect to the location of the object. In telecommunications, a measuring device known as field strength meter is used to measure the electric field that a transmitter causes. Magnetometers are the devices used to measure the strength of a magnetic field. Some important magnetometers’ classes comprise use of a rotating coil, NMR magnetometers, fluxgate magnetometers, SQUID magnetometers, and Hall Effect magnetometers.

Insight Meditation :: essays research papers

Buddhist meditation practices often emphasize mainly concentration, particularly on a certain person, place or thing. They teach the mind to focus on one point or object, which achieves strength of concentration. The results are peaceful states, and in some very rare cases are said to create supernormal powers. That is no wonder why many people steer in that direction, in hopes of achieving "superpowers". Insight meditation is quite different however, and although some degree of concentration is needed, the meditator focuses more on mindfulness of the situation. Insight is defined in the dictionary as "the capacity to discern the true nature of a situation". The basis of insight meditation is the four foundations of mindfulness. They include contemplation of the body, contemplation of feelings, contemplation of the mind-state and contemplation of mind-objects. To achieve mindfulness one must try to be aware of these foundations as they exist in their bodies. For example to be mindful of the body, it is necessary to be aware of breathing in, breathing out, posture, bodily movements inwardly and outwardly etc. One must be conscious of mind-objects such as desire, and understand hoe feelings like that come about and how they are eliminated. To understand mindfulness as simply as possible, one can look at the difference between an unmindful person and the opposite. Everyday we see people who are unmindful of their actions, unmindful of their movements. Someone on the street who steps into a large puddle is unmindful of walking, such as someone who slips and falls. The state of mind of this person is unclear and possibly confused. We can compare this to ourselves in everyday life. Almost everybody has moments of calmness and moments of panic in their lives. When we are calm and composed, our minds are bright and clear, and our actions involve more thought. If we were to take a long walk on a desolate beach, with not a single soul around, we would have a higher degree of mindfulness than say, a walk to the subway station. A walk along the beach is much more peaceful, thus easier for us to achieve that mindfulness. On the other hand most of us have experienced a time in our lives when we have been panic-stricken, for whatever reason. In those cases, are mind is cluttered, we cannot think clearly and make rational decisions. In a way we are separate from our mind

Law and Morality Essay

There has been an ongoing debate about the relationship between law and morality. Numerous writers and philosophers have proffered arguments on how law is affected by morality. The question it is believed is no longer if morality affects law, it is to what extent is law affected by morality? And should there be any limitations on the relationship between law and morality? The law and morality conflict has been persisting for many years. Both the natural law theorists and the positive law theorists would agree that there is a relationship between law and morality. The argument has now moved to what degree morality should play in law? The obvious indication that this has been laid to rest is HLA Hart’s concession made at the onset of his book, Law, Liberty and Morality. He said that there is a definitive answer of yes, that historically and casually law has been influenced by morality. In his book Hart focused on the legal enforcement of morality and likewise this essay is concerned with that question. It is believed this is the only debatable divide between law and morality. The debate became a hot topic in the 1950’s after the creation of a commission to investigate and report back on sexual moralities. The commission led to the publication of the Wolfenden Report in 1957. The report at it outset defined the purpose of criminal law as: .. to preserve the public order and decency, to protect the citizen from what is offensive and injurious and to provide sufficient safeguards against exploitation and corruption of others especially the vulnerable, that is the young, weak in body or mind, inexperienced or those in a state of physical, official or economic dependence. The Law should not intervene in the private lives of citizens or seek to enforce any particular pattern of behaviour further than necessary to carry out the above purpose. Before embarking on the discussion proper, a definition is required for morality and for what law is. Morality according to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary is (a) a doctrine or system of moral conduct; (b) particular moral principles or rules of conduct; or (c) conformity to ideals of right human conduct. Law on the other hand is defined as â€Å"a binding custom or practice of a community: a rule of conduct or action prescribed or formally recognized as binding or enforced by controlling authority. † That is morality is not enforceable by its definition while law is. Moralities are normative rules applied to a society or a sub-group of society that does not bind them in a court of law. The only enforceability of morality by its definition is from the group applying peer pressure. There are two main schools of thought in this divide between law and morality, the natural law theorists and the positive law theorists. The natural law school bases much of their ideas of law in their religious beliefs or other transcendental force such as nature. While positivists argue that law has no necessary basis in morality and that it is simply impossible to assess law in terms of morality. Opposition Supporters of the legal positivist school, such as Hart and Mills, purports that law should be in a different sphere from morality. Utilitarianism, a subgroup of the positivism, believes that laws should only serve for the maximization of utility or happiness for the majority. John Stuart Mills said that instead of society imposing morality on members of a society, the individuals should be free to choose their own conduct. Utilitarian’s are not concerned with the morality of law. They believe that law should only play a minimal role in an individual’s life. Persons should be free to do whatever they want as long as it does not harm another. This is referred to as the ‘harm principle’. Mills said â€Å"the only purpose for which power can rightfully be exercised over any member of a civilised community against his will is to prevent harm to others†. Mills went on and said that not even for the individual’s own good should such power be exerted. This argument is rebuttable in that not because there was no immediate physical harm to another, there was no harm. It could be argued that someone taking drugs or proliferating pornography causes ripple effects that may result in harm to others. Pornography promotes women as sexual objects and thereby promotes sexual violence against women. Drug users, by their combined effect, have led to the growth of large underworlds that not only supply drugs but commits direct victim crimes such as murder. If Mills theory is to be adhered to, this would mean that even in a situation of explicit sadomasochist sexual practices that could result in the injury to participants, the law should not get involved to prevent harm. This is because the individuals consented to such acts and no one will be harmed except the willing participants. In this light R v Brown would have been decided incorrectly. Hart said that the judges in Shaw v DPP, where the defendant was convicted for conspiracy to corrupt public morals after publishing a booklet containing details of prostitutes and their sexual practices, â€Å" seemed willing to pay a high price in terms of the sacrifice of other values for the establishment or re-establishment-of the court as custos morum. † The value Hart was referring to is the legality principle of Lon Fuller. He was suggesting the ruling made the law imprecise and thereby itself immoral. Fuller suggests that for law to be moral there must be eight elements referred to as the ‘inner morality of law’ or ‘principles of legality’ or ‘procedural natural law’. The eight elements are generality, promulgation, non-retroactivity, clarity, non-contradiction, capability of compliance, constancy and congruence. These elements Fuller suggests are what a good legal system should aspire for but no one system has or is expected to perfect all elements. However, significant lack of these elements may mean that a system is an immoral legal system and could support tyranny. Fuller said that tyranny is a result of the break down of the internal morality of law and was the case in Nazi Germany. Hart made that very connection between the principles of legality and tyranny when he suggested that there was no adherence to the principles of legality in Shaw v DPP and by extent was in itself immoral law. The central problem with morality is whose morality is the right morality to enforce. Nazi Germany is the best example of law enforcing morality. This is why caution must be used with the continued growth of the court making moral judgements and pronouncing itself as the custos morum. Hart said that there are several flaws with the use of law to enforce morality and if no such enforcement exists it would not necessarily lead to the disintegration of society. He said that society can support several different and sphere of morality. What is considered moral in one country is not necessarily the same in another. On a smaller scale, what is considered moral in one religion within a country may not hold true for another, yet they can exist in relative harmony through mutual respect. He also said that by using law to enforce morality will result in the stagnating of morals in time. It is evident that morality changes with time and what was immoral years ago would not be immoral today. Sometimes the existing laws do not match changes in societal. In the case R v R, where a husband was charged with attempted rape of his wife, the existing law at the time was outdated in respect of the current moral standards of society. If the courts had followed the law as was, they would directly contradict the will of society and the husband would not have done anything illegal. In that case the court made a value judgement, one based in morality to adapt to the change in the morality of society and found that a husband could in fact rape his wife. This case demonstrates the role morality plays in law. If courts did not have any moral basis, then this may lead to disconnect between the law and society. In R v R the courts had a choice either observe an immoral precedent or to adapt itself to the changing morality of the society. Although the judges may try to propound that they only declared what the law was, this judgement is one on moral basis. Should the judges have followed the law at the time that a man cannot rape his wife? Wouldn’t that have led to an infringement on the woman’s individual right? Are judges the right people to expound morality? Supporters The idea that morality has no place in law has been refuted by many theorists such as Hyman Gross and Lord Devlin. Gross contended that Law and morality are one and the same. Laws are inherently moral and that is why acts like murder, rape and theft have been made illegal. Law and morality cannot be separated as the society creates law based on the foundation that the behaviour being address has to be immoral or undesirable by the reasonable man. The problem with this view is that this cannot explain acts that are prohibited by law but not immoral or the reverse. Sex outside of marriage brings a very strong social scourge but no one believes that adultery rise to the level for legal reprimand. Devlin argued that there is an underlying moral web that keeps society together and it should be protected by law. His approach has some aspect of social contract theory, which suggests that everyone in society is there by agreement. He said that to exist in a society there must be some general principles that members have a consensus on. It could be said to be analogous to a family. In a family there may be several different personalities, but what keep them functioning like a unit is that there are underlying similar values that act as a cohesive bond between members. Devlin said in â€Å"The Enforcement of Morals† (1959) that: â€Å"Societies disintegrate from within more frequently than they are broken up by external pressures. There is disintegration when no common morality is observed and history shows that the loosening of moral bonds is often the first stage of disintegration, so that society is justified in taking the same steps to preserve its moral code as it does to preserve its government†¦ the suppression of vice is as much the law’s business as the suppression of subversive activities. â€Å" Former Minister of Justice of Jamaica, Senator Harding, in his speech at the inaugural lecture at the Institute of Law and Economics said it would have been helpful if Lord Devlin had provided examples of some modern societies which have disintegrated because of the loosening of moral bonds. And it might be a better thing for some societies to disintegrate by loosening its moral bonds. Nazi Germany comes to mind; those societies disintegrate from within more frequently than there are broken up by external pressures†¦ Devlin said that it is morals that hold society together and should therefore influence the development of law. He goes further and said that even if private acts are considered to create sufficient public disgust, that is if the ‘reasonable’ man finds this act so unacceptable then it threatens the moral fabric of society and should be subject to criminal punishment. He describes a limit of tolerance as to how much of an immoral act society or the reasonable man can tolerate. Once society passes this limit then something must be done to intervene. Lord Devlin did not suggest that it is all immorality that should be sanctioned. He suggested that the ones that bring ‘right-minded man’ to disgust should be. It is not believed that Devlin was out of touch with the state of developing individual liberty. It is how far those individual liberties will be allowed to infringe on the general public morality and liberty? There needs to be a balance between the individual’s right and the general public’s. Lord Devlin asked if society has the right to make judgment on individual morality. He answered yes, and this seems to be the accepted approach in R v Brown and Shaw v DPP. There is no where in the past were law has developed in an abstract. Law has developed along with the social changes as R v R Devlin also proposed a guideline for the implementation of statutes. He supported individualism and suggested that persons should have the maximum amount of freedom to do as they wish, except when it conflicts with the society’s integrity. He also said that law should only be created to sanction behaviours that are gross, not just merely immoral. And finally, the law should only set the minimum basic standards expected of individuals. Conclusion Morality is important to the integration of society and if the mythical social contract theory has any weight it is in fact as Devlin suggest the web that holds it together. However, it can also be dangerous and may also be the underlying reason for actual disintegration of society as in Nazi Germany. There is no correct answer or side. The answer rest in the balance: the balance between the individual right and that of society, the balance between the positivist and the naturalist, the balance between the heterosexual and the homosexual. The individual should have the right to do as he feels but there has to be limitations. The extremes of either side of the debate are the danger zones but the answer lies in the indefinable, undiscoverable shadows of the gray that rest between the divide. Bibliography 1. MDA Freeman, Introduction to Jurisprudence 8th Edition (Sweet & Maxwell) 2. Http:sixthformlaw. info/01_modules/other_materials/law_and_morality_/08_hart_devlin. htm 3. HLA Harts, Law, Liberty and Morality (University of Stanford Press) 4. Dwight Bellanfante, â€Å"Keep the law out of Gays Bedroom† (The Jamaica Observer October 31, 2004). 5. Elliott & Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Edition (Longman-Pearson, UK), 6. ‘Criminal Law’, Clarkson and Keating, (Sweet & Maxwell), 2007 7. Gary Slapper And David Kelly, The English Legal System 11th Edition (Routledge, UK) Page ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Law, Liberty and Morality, H. L. A Hart, Stanford University Press, 1963. Page 1 [ 2 ]. Catherine Elliott & Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Ed (Longman-Pearson, UK), Page 657 [ 3 ]. http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/morality, accessed 20th October 2010. [ 4 ]. http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/law, accessed 20th October 2010. [ 5 ]. Gary Slapper And David Kelly, The English Legal System 11th Ed (Routledge, UK) Page [ 6 ]. Catherine Elliott & Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Ed (Longman-Pearson, UK), Pg 655-656 [ 7 ]. Law, Liberty and Morality, HLA Hart Stanford university Press, 1963, page 3 [ 8 ]. Ibid [ 9 ]. Catherine Elliott & Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Ed (Longman-Pearson, UK), Page 656 [ 10 ]. [1993] 2 All ER 75 [ 11 ]. [1961] 2 W. L. R 897 [ 12 ]. Law, Liberty and Morality, HLA Hart Stanford university Press, 1963, page 7 [ 13 ]. [1961] 2 W. L. R 897 [ 14 ]. Catherine Elliott & Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Ed (Longman-Pearson, UK), Pg 658 [ 15 ]. Ibid [ 16 ]. [1992] 1 A. C. 599 [ 17 ]. [1994] 1A. C. 212 [ 18 ]. ‘Criminal Law’, Clarkson and Keating, sweet & Maxwell, 2007 [ 19 ]. ‘Keep law out of gays’ bedrooms’ says Harding, Dwight Bellanfante, Observer staff reporter Sunday, October 31, 2004 [ 20 ]. [1994] 1A. C. 212 [ 21 ]. [1961] 2 W. L. R. 897 [ 22 ]. [1992] 1 A. C. 599 [ 23 ]. Catherine Elliott & Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Edition (Longman-Pearson, UK), Page 658.