Influence Of Slope Aspects On Woodland Ecosystem Of Duhok Dissertation

Impact Of Slope Aspects On Woodland Ecosystem Of Duhok - Dissertation Example Studies have indicated that position of an incline in an environment influence the nature of natural material, soil science, and supplement cycling, to a great extent; it influences the dirt quality than even the sort of bedrock underneath the dirt (Yimer, Sting and Adelkadir 2006, p.95). Research that has been led on impact of geographical highlights on soils in southern Italy plainly exhibit that dirts beginning from a similar parent material, with the equivalent vegetative covering and atmosphere, with the main contrast being the situation of the scene created extraordinary and shifted microclimatic conditions (Chen, Hsieh, Jiang, Hsieh and Sun 1997, p.230). In the northern mild climatic zone, the part of an incline was seen as a tremendous impact of the microclimatic states of the region principally affected by the temperature levels (Coleman, Crossley and Hendrix 2004, p.312). This is on the grounds that the measure of sun oriented that territory encounters will decide the degrees of temperature and water in the dirt, the natural qualities of the dirt will be influenced (Fu, Liu, Ma and Zhu 2004, p.48). In the Pinus laricio backwoods of southern Italy, the north-bound incline gets higher insolation and subsequently, there is low dampness content that is additionally associated with the meager vegetative spread and insolating impacts of little vegetation (Gong, Chen, Fu and Wei 2007, p.1). Contrasts in the dirt microbial exercises offer the distinctive kind of plant species. These plant species rely upon the dirt dampness, root exercises, temperature and natural issue that arrival to the dirt through the litter that tumbles from the plants (Gong, Brueck, Giese, Zhang, Sattelmacher and Lin 2008, p.484). Studies have been completed to decide the impacts of climatic conditions on the dirt and vegetation properties, anyway no examinations have been conveyed to decide the impact of viewpoint in the dirt and vegetation properties(Tewksbury and Lloyd 2001, p.426).

Online Exam System free essay sample

This record uniquely containing insights concerning targets, scope confinement, process model, essential necessities, group advancement, conceivable venture dangers, venture plan, lastly observing and detailing systems. On-line Exam System is helpful for Educational Institute to set up a test, safe the time that will take to check the paper and get ready imprint sheets. It will assist the Institute with testing of understudies and build up their abilities. In any case, the drawbacks for this framework, it takes a ton of times when you set up the test at the first run through for utilization. The framework causes the employee to produce a programmed test as opposed to utilizing papers. Which spare a period for composing, checking and for input marks. Additionally, understudy can see the test when he login as a person to the framework. * Immediate outcomes and arrangements: When the understudy completes his test, the framework checks her answers and contrasted and the right answer. We will compose a custom paper test on Online Exam System or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Also, the framework spares the off base and right answers and figures the sign of right answers. At that point give the all out imprint. Furthermore, send a report for understudy to see where he is shortcoming. * Easy to store and recover data: Or maybe to spare the data on a papers or in independent sheets. There are an information base administration to store and recover the data required by the manager or Faculty part or understudy concurring a report created by the framework. (5) System Architecture: Web Browser Login Role checking Form amp; Menu Manager Data Validation Security Manager OES Appointment Manager Data Import amp; Export Report Generation Transaction Management for OES Database Figure (2. 1): framework engineering for OES (6) System Requirement Specification: (6. 1) Functional System Requirement: This area gives an utilitarian necessity that appropriate to the On-Line Exam framework. There are three sub modules in this stage. * Candidate module. * Examiner module. * Administrator module. The usefulness of every module is as per the following: * Candidate module: The applicant will logon to the product and take his assessment. He can likewise check his past assessments imprints and his subtleties. The competitor will get result following the culmination of the assessment. * Examiner module: The database is readied amp; stacked into the product. Choice for assessment should be possible language insightful by the inspector. The outcomes will be shown following finishing of the assessment. * Administrator module: The executive gathers all the outcomes after fruitful finishing of the assessment and sends to the head quarters as and when required. The highlights that are accessible to the Administrator are: * The chairman has the undeniable rights over the OES. * Can make/erase a record. * Can see the records. * Can change the secret key. * Can conceal any sort of highlights from the both of clients. * Insert/erase/alter the data of accessible on OES. * Can get to all the records of the employees/understudies.

SoundCloud - Strategies for Distributing Your Music

SoundCloud - Strategies for Distributing Your Music © Shutterstock.com | Denys PrykhodovIn this article, we will look at 1) what is Soundcloud?, 2) how to list successfully on Soundcloud, 3) advantages and disadvantages of using Soundcloud, and 4) Soundcloud success stories.WHAT IS SOUNDCLOUD?The CompanyAn online music and audio streaming platform, Soundcloud is based in Berlin, Germany. The website allows users to upload, record, promote and share original music and sound. The website is basically a combination of a streaming service, an audio distribution platform and an online community. As of July 2013, the website had 40 million users registered and as many as 200 million listeners.The website allows musicians to share their original music directly with fans. It also allows fans to track their favorite artists and play music continuously. The website allows users to choose from three subscription levels. A free account allows 120 minutes of audio upload and makes a few stats visible. A Pro or Pro Unlimited account allows for mor e upload hours as well as access to extensive analytics. It also features a quiet mode which enables the user to hide any comments or stats on a music track.HistoryThough created in Stockholm, Sweden, Soundcloud was established in Berlin in August 2007. The people behind the website are sound designer Alex Ljung and artist Eric Wahlforss. The two Swedes initially intended for their platform to allow musicians to share recordings with one another. This eventually transitioned into a complete audio publishing tool, allowing these musicians to distribute their music to the fans. A little while after its inception, the website began to pose a challenge to Myspace which was, at that time, a place where musicians could distribute their songs and interact with their fans.The company received 2.5 million Euros in 2009 from a round of funding. The investment came from Doughty Hanson Technology Ventures. The company reached one million subscribers in 2001 and in 2011 received $10 million from the next round of funding. This investment came from Union Square Ventures and Index Ventures. The website continued to grow and reached 5 million registered users by June 2011. At this point, the company also received funding from an A-Grade fund run by Ashton Kutcher and Guy Oseary.In late 2012, the website was revamped with a new layout, this allowed simultaneous continued playback and site navigation. It also allowed for the comments to be read with disrupting the waveform. The company began talks with major record labels in 2014. The aim was to take preemptive steps to address the issue of product licensing due to copyrighted material that appears on the platform. This was done in an attempt to avoid forced takedown notices, a situation that Google and YouTube found themselves in.The Business ModelThe website aims to narrow the gap between discovery and engagement, which means that a person can discover a new sound or a music track and connect with the artist and a like-minded community right there, without having to move to another website etc. The business model relies primarily on subscriptions at the moment. There are multiple levels that a user can choose from. These range from a free registration with limited usage to a $630 annual fee that has many benefits and features for the professional user. This service has raised $50 million for the company.As the website grows, the management is experimenting with other potential streams of revenue. There is a turn towards possible brand partnerships. There are already content partnerships with companies that include Penguin Audio Books, CBS News Radio, The Huffington Post and some others. Content partnerships focus both on faster content distribution and an extended platform for experimental and unique experiences.As a major update to the business model, the website announced in August of 2014 that there would be advertisements running for listeners in the United States. The ads will roll out to other markets eventually. The aim is to help partner artists turn their music str eams into revenue streams. The change also includes the addition of the Premier level to the subscriptions. This will contain ad based options for monetization as well as other paid features that are already being offered. Ads will appear with licensed content. The Soundcloud USPThe website allows users to upload any sound file, irrespective of the size. Uploads can happen from an already saved file or created on the spot. The website also allows commenting throughout the track which makes it a unique type of social network.HOW TO LIST SUCCESSFULLY ON SOUNDCLOUDTips from UsersOliver Sadie is a Soundcloud user who is a London-based filmscore composer and classically trained pianist. With over 14000 followers, he believes that the community on Soundcloud is not just about sharing sounds but also about sharing common interests, goals and connecting with similar people. Some tips from him and others on how to grow your community on Soundcloud include:Make Good Music If an artist doesnâ €™t finish their work or remains afraid of criticism then there is very little chance of success in building up a Soundcloud community. An artist must force themselves to finish songs and spend time making them sound high quality.Understand What is Already Out There Sadie suggests listening to existing users to get an idea what who is out there and what they are doing. Search tools and groups are a good way to find sounds that appeal to you.Take Action When You Find Something You Like Once you like something, it is a good idea to like it and add it to favorites. Users can also leave a comment and follow the person who has listed the song. Often people will follow up after this and that just adds to the community. A well timed comment can initiate a conversation and a relationship is created.Follow People Who You Are Actually Interested In People often have a tendency to start following anyone they find. This is counter-productive because these people will not follow back. When si milar people are followed a relevant communication is established and people will follow back.Follow People who Are Active and May Follow Back People who are currently online or have been recently are more likely to be active on the website and therefore likely to follow back. An online user may follow back immediately. This is a very productive tip to grow one’s community. A balanced ratio of followers to following is a good way to assess whether a person is likely to follow back.Follow Peoples Followers When someone follows you back, it is a good idea to take a look at their followers and choose to follow those that fit the criteria mentioned here. It is enough to look at their top followers who are online at any point and just focus on those instead of the whole list.Be Online As mentioned, a person who is online is more likely to get followers. So it is a good idea to fo this regularly so that people are able to discover you.Leave Honest Comments It is a good idea to leave comments that are honest, relevant, useful and encouraging. It is a better idea to be more specific than just a “nice.” It is also not a good idea to mention something that reads like spam for example, “Nice. Listen Back.”Respond Whether it is a comment or a message, a response helps connect with listeners. A response to comments is always welcomed by a fan or a follower.Join Similar Groups Joining relevant groups and sharing music is a good way to be heard and discover new sounds. Moderated groups are a good option for this as helps keep the group on track.Start a Group It can also be a good idea to create one’s own group based on a particular theme. Relevant tracks can be traced out to invite to the group. Similar community members can be discovered and a space made available to trade sounds and ideas.Share on Social Media Other social networks are a great place to share favorite artists and songs.Collaborate with Other Artists Soundcloud allows users to share work s in progress through private sharing. Full recording quality is maintained and this is a good way to work with other people.Be Patient Building up a community is not something that can happen within a day or even a month. It is something that needs consistent effort and a lot of work. To make the network more meaningful and productive for the artist, this sustained long term effort is the way to go.Sign Up for a Paid Account Most users on Soundcloud use a free account. This works for people who want to use the service within the limits that the free account imposes. To get maximum music to a wider audience, a paid account becomes necessary. The reason for this is that a 2 hour upload limit is almost nothing for someone like a DJ. The tracks themselves are limited to 100 downloads only. These can become cumbersome after a while and it makes sense to sign up for a paid account.Use Tags Another useful idea is to use the right tags for each song. The right tags make the song more se archable and easier to find for people. Some ideas for tags include tags for genre, similar style record names, similar artist names, mood descriptions of the songs and well known songs by similar artists.Common MistakesIt is important for a successful Soundcloud presence that a good first impression is made. Some mistakes to avoid in this regard include:URL Consistency The URL extensions used on Soundcloud should be consistent with any others being used elsewhere on the web. For example, a Facebook extension facebook.com/BigBand, should be the same for soundcloud. This can be edited under the tab “Basic Profile.”Social Media Links Social media is a very important tool these days and a fan who finds their way to a Soundcloud page will often want to look up further details. For this purpose, it is a good idea to make sure that profiles are linked. Soundcloud helps this process by providing an integrated way to link social media. Thumbnail images are even available for the large r platforms.Complete Bio Though basic, an incomplete bio is a commonly made mistake. A complete bio should be between 50-250 words and should be followed up with contact information.Correct Representation of Work The most prolific work done by an artist should be listed on top and easy to reach.Uploading The Right Stuff All work done by an artist does not necessarily need to be uploaded. Instead, it is a good idea to put up the best work done by the artist to ensure that people who visit the page are left with a positive first impression. Any half-done or works-in-progress should not be displayed either, though there may be differing points of view on this.Labeling To ensure that a track is easy to find, all titles, artist information and keywords or tags should be correctly labeled.Genre The genre should be the first keyword associated with a track. The Soundcloud explore function indexes tracks according to genre and these are defined through the keywords specificed by the us er. Other important keywords include original artist, associated artists and record label.Use your Own Account In order to create an engaged and connected Soundcloud account it is imperative that a person use his or her own account to interact with others.Spam It is important to leave the right comments that are honest and relevant. It is not a good idea to leave spam like comments asking a person to follow back without any other details. An elaborate and constructive comment can act as the beginning of a conversation and direct people to a person’s account, eventually leading to relationships and followers.Being Responsive One commonly overlooked way to build community ties is to reply to any comments and messages received. This leaves a positive impression on people and direct them back to a user’s account. The replies should sound personal and not a generic response that sounds like a bot.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING SOUNDCLOUDAdvantagesOverall, Soundcloud is a us er friendly website. Some of the advantages of using this site are:The website itself is smooth and user friendly and the phone app is also easy to navigate and use.The site offers users the choice of either uploading an existing audio file or recording it on the spot.Users can also share music and other audio file on other social media platforms by embedding them in social networks, blogs or websites.The files uploaded to the site can be of any size with no limits.A timed comment option allows users to leave a note regarding specific parts of an audio track.Submissions can be streamed through Dropbox, saving space on a desktop.Tracks can be easily reposted.Each music file gets its own unique URL address and its own page.There are dedicated groups which allows users to find the ones that are similar to their own interests.The smartphone app also allows upload and recording making the experience a flexible and mobile one.Tracks can be managed and organized easily.DisadvantagesSome di sadvantages of using Soundcloud include:The service does not allow editing or any additional effects. These need to be added elsewhere before upload to the website.Users need to be logged in to make a comment or follow users.Another disadvantamgge is the cost. A full package offers many benefits but it is costly to subscrive to.SOUNDCLOUD SUCCESS STORIESDJ ‘Mr Aker’ and His Soundcloud SuccessMr Aker is a DJ who operates out of his bedroom. He managed to use JustGo Music, a social media management platform that helps musicians grow their fanbase, together with a DJ mix and a simple marketing technique to reach 550 plays on Soundcloud in only 24 hours. Here’s how he did it:Create a Mix MR Aker began by creating a mix of his favorite musical cuts from different genres that he liked. This mix was a 30 minute one that included 26 tracks from as many as 24 different artists.Find the Artists He then got on Soundcloud and found his featured artists, got their Soundcloud and Twitter URLs and put together a document.Upload the Mix Mr Aker now uploaded his mix onto multiple platforms including Soundcloud, Youtube and Mixcloud. When he wrote the description for his mix, he made sure to include the entire tracklist that he had already made and linked this to each artist profile URL and the original song that he had sampled.Tweet to the Artists The DJ then used the JustGo music service to compose spaced out timed tweets aimed at each artist who appeared on his mix. His tweets were timed to go out after a few hours each. Every tweet was different but contained the same basic information which included the artist’s handle on twitter, the original track title, the time stamp of the song in the mix and a link to the mix itself on Soundcloud.The Result Most of the artists that were a part of the mix either favorited or retweeted Mr Aker’s tweet. One of the artists even reposted the mix on Soundcloud which led to a jump in plays for the DJ. He managed to increase h is daily follower growth by 300% and reached 550 plays in 24 hours alone.

The Belief Of Knowledge And Wisdom - 1296 Words

Is it fair to say that opinion is based in the assumption of knowledge? Are philosophers not putting forth their opinions about life and what they think the truth is? Isn’t philosophy based on the opinions of their studying of human nature? Are philosophers stating truths or are they stating opinion? Can we truly know that what we critical thinkers think is true and does it have merit or is it only our reality that allows us to differentiate between opinion and what we call truth, knowledge and wisdom? I would argue philosophers and critical thinkers are still in the allegorical cave. Is it fair to say that opinion is based in the assumption of knowledge? Knowledge is â€Å"The fact or condition of knowing something with familiarity gained through experience or association. [The] acquaintance with, or understanding of science, art, or technique. The fact or condition of being aware of.† Whereas the meaning of opinion is to think, judge and conjecture according to the dictionary, and the Oxford living dictionary states it is to think or believe. Meriam Webster â€Å"a view, judgement†¦belief stronger than impression and less strong than positive knowledge†¦a formal expression of judgment or advice by an expert.† If an opinion can be given by an expert in the field, it is safe to assume for the sake of this essay some of the are also giving their view point out of the their expert knowledge from knowing something that is familiar, gained through association or experience. However IShow MoreRelatedThe Quality Of Self Reliance953 Words   |  4 Pagescontrolled by their own destiny, which was unable to deny. 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Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesIf we created a god, we as humans would now be able to find faith and trust within someone. Over the course of history religions have sprouted across the world, however, they all have similar beliefs. This shows that despite being vastly different, we are all still very much the same. Religion and a belief was sculpted in hopes of giving people faith and giving reason to there unanswerable questions. Over the semester it is easy to see that there is a clear correlation between the two being thatRead MorePlatos and Aristotles Views on Knowledge1407 Words   |  6 PagesPlatos and Aristotles Views on Knowledge Plato and Aristotle view knowledge and the process whereby it is obtained. They both point out that many epistemological concepts which they believe where knowledge comes from and what it is actually. Most of them have been astonished me in certain ways, but I found that rationalism and wisdom consists in knowing the cause which made a material thing to be what it is make the most sense to me regarding the nature of knowledge. As the following, we will discuss

The Ethical Theory Of Torture - 1111 Words

I have decided to write about the topic of torture, and will argue both sides of this ethical dilemma. To begin let’s talk about what defines torture. Torture is defined as one inflicting a great amount of physical pain or a great deal of mental anxiety and suffering on another person or persons. Torture became widely talked about, and a greatly debated ethical issue, when Inmates at a detainment camp at Guantanamo Bay were interrogated in the attempt to gather information to prevent domestic terror attacks or to gather information on al-Qaida forces in the Middle East. The base became famous when it was discovered that inmates at the facility were being tortured in ways that did not comply with the Geneva Convention. This brought forth the ethical issue of torture and sparked debate around the world on whether we should be conducting torture for national purposes or if it poses an ethical dilemma worldwide. I think the idea of torture can be considered justifiable under certain circumstances. The ethical theory of utilitarianism is a philosophical viewpoint which I believe would condone the idea of torture. Utilitarianism is a consequentialist view of ethics that focuses on the outcomes or consequences of certain actions, rather than the motivations or the character of the person taking the action. The core belief behind utilitarianism is the principle of happiness. This means actions should be based on their morality and based on how much utility is created. So howShow MoreRelatedEssay on Code of Ethics and Security Case Study1600 Words   |  7 PagesYears in Torture Case†, we evaluate from four different perspectives the different ethical theories; ethical relativism, ethical egoism, deontological ethics and ontological ethics to determine how the different perspectives support or condemn the conduct in this  case study. 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Ayer’s theory of Emotivism, he gives the modified version of Verification Principle and in my essay I will try to accomplish how using this modified version of verification principle. We can set our standards for the moral knowledge. A.J. Ayer, responded to the argument of moral knowledge with his theory of Emotivism. In his theory, A.J. Ayer states that ethical judgments are merely expressions of emotion. Moral judgements do not holdRead MoreTorture and Ethics1447 Words   |  6 PagesTour Torture and Ethics Paper CJA 530 January 31st, 2011 Eddie Koen Torture and Ethics Paper Torture is something that is known as wrong internationally. Torture is â€Å"deliberate, systematic or wanton infliction of physical or mental suffering by one or more persons acting on the orders of authority, to force a person to yield information, to confess, or any other reason† (World Medical Association, 1975, pg.1). 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Torture has been carried out or sanctioned by individuals, groups, and states throughout history from ancient times to modern day, and forms of torture can vary greatly in duration from only a few minutes to several days or longer. (Torture, 2016). Torture is the act of inflicting excruciating pain, as punishment or revenge, as means of getting a confession or information, or for sheer cruelty. (Torture, 2016). Now that we have an idea behind the meaning of torture, we need toRead MoreIs Utilitarianism Too Demanding?1046 Words   |  5 PagesUtilitarianism is clearly a demanding theory. The theory can sometimes fail to live up to expectations, if the demands of the theory have not been maximised for the sum total of welfare in the universe. When there is singular distress some hardships cannot be alleviated, providing that per forming an alternative action cannot do even more good. John Mackie argued utilitarianism as an â€Å"ethics of fantasy†. 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Marketing Research on Tea Industry in India Free Essays

MARKET RESEARCH ON MAJOR TEA BRANDS IN INDIA Siddhartha Lodha PG-A History of Packed Tea in India The history of tea dates back to 750-500 BC. Researchers have found that the cultivation and consumption of tea has been taking place since more than a thousand years. However, commercial consumption of tea started with the British rule. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Research on Tea Industry in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has now become a part of the Indian culture. Tea laid it’s foundation in India at the turn of the 20th century, when the major emphasis was on the exports of Tea. Earliest reference to a domestic market came from MacKay of Brooke Bond. Equipped with capital and premises, Mackay settled down to serious business. Mackay clearly identified his objectives as to pick up teas suitable for Brooke Bond blends at home, rather than getting them at London and to create and make profitable, a packet and blended tea trade in India and generally in the East. In the early 20th Century, much of India was orthodox and all foreign habits were considered alien and against Indian ethos and culture. In fact, later, when tea was officially promoted by the Tea Market Expansion Board, strong religious pressure groups launched antitea campaigns against tea drinking. The domestic market was very small and hardly able to sustain. Packing material, mainly caddies and cardboard cartons, were imported the UK and the tea was floor-blended and hand-packed. Sales totalled around 17,000 lbs. and the whole operation produced a loss without inclusion of overheads and other costs. It therefore needed a great commitment to persevere this kind of a venture. Backed by the promotion and propaganda efforts of the Tea Market Expansion Board that became the Indian Tea Board through the pioneering efforts of Brooke Bond (more about this later), a strong demand was created for tea as a beverage and the Indian masses avidly took to tea. However, much of the fallout of this phenomenon went to loose teas because of the price factor, so we see a strange development in the packet teas trade in India. In the early years, i. e. the first three decades of the century, the trade was predominantly in the hands of foreign companies and the incipient demand was centered on a small segment, introduced to tea through the Western industrial civilization. The early brand names were based on colors — Red label, Violet label, Green label. The first sale record in India was in April 1903 and the entry reads: Red Label †¦ 720 lbs. Violet Label †¦ 300 lbs. Green Label †¦180 lbs. The fact that Brooke Bond Red Label recorded 720 lbs. as a very auspicious augury for this famous brand, which attained dizzy heights in later years to become the largest selling brand in the world. The early entrepreneurs of packet tea marketing realised that if the trade had to expand, the purchase price of the tea had to be more affordable for their Indian consumer and the tea had to be better presented. In India however, the main consideration was price, one that the lower economic section of th e Indians could afford. When the brands were first launched in the first decade of the century, the cost of the tea in the packet was roughly 60% of the total price. Despite this, prices were considered high. But the demand had been created and was snowballing — opening the floodgates to loose teas, which were at least 20% cheaper than the corresponding tea in packets. Opinions on the worth and prospects of the internal business seemed gloomy. One opinion was that â€Å"Indians can never become tea-minded†. This was based on the English custom of brewing tea in pots, using a long leaf — a leisurely and luxurious habit. It is interesting to note that very early in the century, the marketers of packet tea recognised that if tea had to be made popular among Indians, it had to be presented differently, keeping in mind the Indian cooking habit of boiling. So dust tea was born. ‘Kora’ was the first brand to be introduced by Brooke Bond in paper form packets. The real expansion of the packet business in India came in the early l920s, with the introduction of the direct selling system by Brooke Bond. As was said earlier, the distribution was left in the hands of distributors and stockists who could do a maintenance job but could not do anything to create demand. The depot system or direct selling system helped in introducing tea to the vast population of India but it meant a heavy investment in marketing in the earlier years. It helped in establishing a two-way communication between the salesman and retailer and cemented a personal relationship between them. For a product like tea, where freshness was an important factor, it helped in ensuring stock rotation. Under this system, the companies like Brooke Bond and Lipton, who followed suit through their own personnel, called on all retail outlets on a regular basis and supplied tea on a cash-on-delivery basis. There was no need for the retailer to carry any large inventory, as the calls were on a weekly basis. The system backed by the effective propaganda by the Tea Board really sparked off a consumption explosion, taking India to the position of the largest tea-drinking nation in the world. Today tea has become established as a food habit in all socio-economic sections. In India, tea is an essential item of domestic consumption and is the mostly consumed beverage. Further, tea is the cheapest beverage amongst all the beverages that are available in India and it is very popular amongst all sections of India society. The Indian tea industry engages around 20 lakh of workers, directly and they mainly represents the under privileged sections of the India society. The Tea Business in India registered a total turnover of Rs. 10,000 crore in the previous year. Top Tea Brands in India Brooke Bond has touched millions of consumers with a range of tea offerings appealing to the diversity of their tastes. It has the strongest foothold amongst any of the tea brands in India and touches the homes of over 500 million consumers. The values and personality of the master brand Brooke Bond reflect a warm, sociable, approachable, perceptive and dependable entity. Brooke Bond is the tea expert that selects the best at every stage – from the garden to the cup. The brand, therefore, is seen to offer the appropriate teas for all tea moments in the consumers’ lives. Brooke Bond offers a strong portfolio of four sub-brands namely, Brooke Bond Taj Mahal, Brooke Bond Red Label, Brooke Bond Taaza Brooke Bond 3 Roses. The range offers a full variety of benefits as well as price points to cater to diverse sections of society. For over 4 decades, Taj Mahal has been the gold standard of tea in India. It has been a pioneer of innovations in the Indian tea market First Premium Tea Brand First to introduce tea bags First to usher in new formats and concept, like instant tea – Dessert Tea Brand ambassadors personify the true essence of Taj Mahal (Ustaad Zakir Hussain, Saif Ali Khan) Red Label contains natural flavonoids that helps improve blood circulation and keeps you healthy. Red Label Natural Care has a mix of 5 Ayurvedic ingredients like Tulsi, Ashwagandha, Mulethi, Ginger and Cardamom. Red Label Dust has strength, taste and comes with the Red Label promise of great quality. Red Label Special has extra-long leaves to give you great taste, colour and superior aroma. Entered the lives of the contemporary Indian housewife in the 1990s. Unique and refreshing blend of tea that’s sprinkled with fresh green tea leaves. It’s her daily cup of joy that helps her to refresh and connect with her inner self and aspirations. The advertising communication for Taaza is a reflection of this relationship. Chronicle of the aspirations of a housewife over the past two decades. 4th largest tea brand in India with a portfolio spanning in both leaf and dust segments. 3 Roses which was synonymous to the trinity of perfect colour, perfect strength and perfect taste 3 Roses stood as the bedrock for strengthening a married couple’s relationship with each other 3 Roses has redefined the nature of relationship shared between married couples in India Brooke Bond Sehatmand (Arogya) was launched in early 2010. Brooke Bond Sehatmand with Vitamin Power, helps to keep families healthier through their favourite daily beverage 3 cups of Brooke Bond Sehatmand helps to satisfy 50% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of Vitamins B2, B6, B9 and B12 Brooke Bond Sehatmand successfully runs the ‘Sehatmand Parivaar, Sehatmand Bharat’ movement – an initiative to reach and make a difference to 500 million families across villages in India through education on health and nutrition. nd most trusted beverage brand in India Market leader measured by volume and value branded packet tea Has transformed the way beverages are marketed by positioning tea as a catalyst for social change Promotes social awakening and action through its landmark ‘Jaago Re’ marketing campaigns References: 1. History of Packet Tea : http://www. contemporarybrokers. com/item. aspx? id=100 2. Brooke Bond Brands : http://www. brookebondheal th. com/our-brands. asp 3. How to cite Marketing Research on Tea Industry in India, Essays

Marketing Research on Tea Industry in India Free Essays

MARKET RESEARCH ON MAJOR TEA BRANDS IN INDIA Siddhartha Lodha PG-A History of Packed Tea in India The history of tea dates back to 750-500 BC. Researchers have found that the cultivation and consumption of tea has been taking place since more than a thousand years. However, commercial consumption of tea started with the British rule. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Research on Tea Industry in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has now become a part of the Indian culture. Tea laid it’s foundation in India at the turn of the 20th century, when the major emphasis was on the exports of Tea. Earliest reference to a domestic market came from MacKay of Brooke Bond. Equipped with capital and premises, Mackay settled down to serious business. Mackay clearly identified his objectives as to pick up teas suitable for Brooke Bond blends at home, rather than getting them at London and to create and make profitable, a packet and blended tea trade in India and generally in the East. In the early 20th Century, much of India was orthodox and all foreign habits were considered alien and against Indian ethos and culture. In fact, later, when tea was officially promoted by the Tea Market Expansion Board, strong religious pressure groups launched antitea campaigns against tea drinking. The domestic market was very small and hardly able to sustain. Packing material, mainly caddies and cardboard cartons, were imported the UK and the tea was floor-blended and hand-packed. Sales totalled around 17,000 lbs. and the whole operation produced a loss without inclusion of overheads and other costs. It therefore needed a great commitment to persevere this kind of a venture. Backed by the promotion and propaganda efforts of the Tea Market Expansion Board that became the Indian Tea Board through the pioneering efforts of Brooke Bond (more about this later), a strong demand was created for tea as a beverage and the Indian masses avidly took to tea. However, much of the fallout of this phenomenon went to loose teas because of the price factor, so we see a strange development in the packet teas trade in India. In the early years, i. e. the first three decades of the century, the trade was predominantly in the hands of foreign companies and the incipient demand was centered on a small segment, introduced to tea through the Western industrial civilization. The early brand names were based on colors — Red label, Violet label, Green label. The first sale record in India was in April 1903 and the entry reads: Red Label †¦ 720 lbs. Violet Label †¦ 300 lbs. Green Label †¦180 lbs. The fact that Brooke Bond Red Label recorded 720 lbs. as a very auspicious augury for this famous brand, which attained dizzy heights in later years to become the largest selling brand in the world. The early entrepreneurs of packet tea marketing realised that if the trade had to expand, the purchase price of the tea had to be more affordable for their Indian consumer and the tea had to be better presented. In India however, the main consideration was price, one that the lower economic section of th e Indians could afford. When the brands were first launched in the first decade of the century, the cost of the tea in the packet was roughly 60% of the total price. Despite this, prices were considered high. But the demand had been created and was snowballing — opening the floodgates to loose teas, which were at least 20% cheaper than the corresponding tea in packets. Opinions on the worth and prospects of the internal business seemed gloomy. One opinion was that â€Å"Indians can never become tea-minded†. This was based on the English custom of brewing tea in pots, using a long leaf — a leisurely and luxurious habit. It is interesting to note that very early in the century, the marketers of packet tea recognised that if tea had to be made popular among Indians, it had to be presented differently, keeping in mind the Indian cooking habit of boiling. So dust tea was born. ‘Kora’ was the first brand to be introduced by Brooke Bond in paper form packets. The real expansion of the packet business in India came in the early l920s, with the introduction of the direct selling system by Brooke Bond. As was said earlier, the distribution was left in the hands of distributors and stockists who could do a maintenance job but could not do anything to create demand. The depot system or direct selling system helped in introducing tea to the vast population of India but it meant a heavy investment in marketing in the earlier years. It helped in establishing a two-way communication between the salesman and retailer and cemented a personal relationship between them. For a product like tea, where freshness was an important factor, it helped in ensuring stock rotation. Under this system, the companies like Brooke Bond and Lipton, who followed suit through their own personnel, called on all retail outlets on a regular basis and supplied tea on a cash-on-delivery basis. There was no need for the retailer to carry any large inventory, as the calls were on a weekly basis. The system backed by the effective propaganda by the Tea Board really sparked off a consumption explosion, taking India to the position of the largest tea-drinking nation in the world. Today tea has become established as a food habit in all socio-economic sections. In India, tea is an essential item of domestic consumption and is the mostly consumed beverage. Further, tea is the cheapest beverage amongst all the beverages that are available in India and it is very popular amongst all sections of India society. The Indian tea industry engages around 20 lakh of workers, directly and they mainly represents the under privileged sections of the India society. The Tea Business in India registered a total turnover of Rs. 10,000 crore in the previous year. Top Tea Brands in India Brooke Bond has touched millions of consumers with a range of tea offerings appealing to the diversity of their tastes. It has the strongest foothold amongst any of the tea brands in India and touches the homes of over 500 million consumers. The values and personality of the master brand Brooke Bond reflect a warm, sociable, approachable, perceptive and dependable entity. Brooke Bond is the tea expert that selects the best at every stage – from the garden to the cup. The brand, therefore, is seen to offer the appropriate teas for all tea moments in the consumers’ lives. Brooke Bond offers a strong portfolio of four sub-brands namely, Brooke Bond Taj Mahal, Brooke Bond Red Label, Brooke Bond Taaza Brooke Bond 3 Roses. The range offers a full variety of benefits as well as price points to cater to diverse sections of society. For over 4 decades, Taj Mahal has been the gold standard of tea in India. It has been a pioneer of innovations in the Indian tea market First Premium Tea Brand First to introduce tea bags First to usher in new formats and concept, like instant tea – Dessert Tea Brand ambassadors personify the true essence of Taj Mahal (Ustaad Zakir Hussain, Saif Ali Khan) Red Label contains natural flavonoids that helps improve blood circulation and keeps you healthy. Red Label Natural Care has a mix of 5 Ayurvedic ingredients like Tulsi, Ashwagandha, Mulethi, Ginger and Cardamom. Red Label Dust has strength, taste and comes with the Red Label promise of great quality. Red Label Special has extra-long leaves to give you great taste, colour and superior aroma. Entered the lives of the contemporary Indian housewife in the 1990s. Unique and refreshing blend of tea that’s sprinkled with fresh green tea leaves. It’s her daily cup of joy that helps her to refresh and connect with her inner self and aspirations. The advertising communication for Taaza is a reflection of this relationship. Chronicle of the aspirations of a housewife over the past two decades. 4th largest tea brand in India with a portfolio spanning in both leaf and dust segments. 3 Roses which was synonymous to the trinity of perfect colour, perfect strength and perfect taste 3 Roses stood as the bedrock for strengthening a married couple’s relationship with each other 3 Roses has redefined the nature of relationship shared between married couples in India Brooke Bond Sehatmand (Arogya) was launched in early 2010. Brooke Bond Sehatmand with Vitamin Power, helps to keep families healthier through their favourite daily beverage 3 cups of Brooke Bond Sehatmand helps to satisfy 50% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of Vitamins B2, B6, B9 and B12 Brooke Bond Sehatmand successfully runs the ‘Sehatmand Parivaar, Sehatmand Bharat’ movement – an initiative to reach and make a difference to 500 million families across villages in India through education on health and nutrition. nd most trusted beverage brand in India Market leader measured by volume and value branded packet tea Has transformed the way beverages are marketed by positioning tea as a catalyst for social change Promotes social awakening and action through its landmark ‘Jaago Re’ marketing campaigns References: 1. History of Packet Tea : http://www. contemporarybrokers. com/item. aspx? id=100 2. Brooke Bond Brands : http://www. brookebondheal th. com/our-brands. asp 3. How to cite Marketing Research on Tea Industry in India, Essays